But the party's conception of
Islamic socialism isolated it from the Kazakh masses, which were more inclined towards the
political moderates.[15] The party ultimately failed to gain a substantial following in Kazakhstan and, after the establishment of the
Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic,[5] many of its members merged into the
Communist Party.[16] Ryskulov continued to promote pan-Turkism, in spite of Bolshevik aversion to the regional unity of Central Asia. By the end of the civil war in 1922, Ryskulov himself declared that the Alash Autonomy had been a legitimate representative of Kazakh interests, breaking from the Bolshevik line that it was a "
tribal-
nationalist" creation. Southern Kazakh leaders subsequently adopted the educational and land reform programmes of the Alash Autonomy, pushing for them within the new Soviet government.[17]
Kendirbay, Gulnar (1997). "The national liberation movement of the Kazakh intelligentsia at the beginning of the 20th century". Central Asian Survey. 16 (4): 487–515.
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10.1080/02634939708401009.
Bektursunov, Mirlan (2023). "'Two parts – one whole'? Kazakh–Kyrgyz relations in the making of Soviet Kyrgyzstan, 1917–24". Central Asian Survey. 42 (1): 109–126.
doi:
10.1080/02634937.2022.2071837.
Brill Olcott, Martha (1985). "The Politics of Language Reform in Kazakhstan". In Kreindler, Isabelle T. (ed.). Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Soviet National Languages (Their Past, Present and Future). De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 183–204.
doi:
10.1515/9783110864380-010.
ISBN9783110864380.
Camps Girona, Jaume (2023). "The impact of the Russian Revolution across the Muslim world: From the winds of freedom to geopolitical changes". In Serrano, Clara; Neto, Sergio (eds.). Revolution and (Post) War, 1917-1922.
Routledge.
doi:
10.4324/9781003399209.
ISBN9781003399209.
Wendelken, Rebecca W. (2000). "Russian Immigration and its Effect on the Kazak Steppes, 1552–1965". In Bell-Fialkoff, Andrew (ed.). The Role of Migration in the History of the Eurasian Steppe.
Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 71–101.
doi:
10.1007/978-1-349-61837-8_5.
ISBN978-1-349-61837-8.