Bronze Age (c. 3300 – c. 1200 BCE)

Early Bronze Age (c. 3300 – c. 2100 BCE)

Early Bronze Age II (c. 3000 – c. 2700 BCE)

Early Dynastic I period (c. 2900 – c. 2800 BCE)

Eridu dynasty (c. 2900 – c. 2880 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
1st		Alulim	reigned c. 2900 – c. 2890 BCE (≈10 years)	Unclear succession
2nd		Alalngar	r. c. 2890 – c. 2880 BCE (≈10 years)

Bad-tibira dynasty (c. 2880 – c. 2850 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
3rd	En-men-lu-ana		r. c. 2880 – c. 2870 BCE (≈10 years)	Unclear succession
4th	En-men-gal-ana		r. c. 2870 – c. 2860 BCE (≈10 years)
5th		Dumuzid	r. c. 2860 – c. 2850 BCE (≈10 years)

Larak dynasty (c. 2850 – c. 2830 BCE)

Sippar dynasty (c. 2830 – c. 2820 BCE)

Early Bronze Age III (c. 2700 – c. 2200 BCE)

Early Dynastic II period (c. 2800 – c. 2500 BCE)

Shuruppak dynasty (c. 2820 – c. 2800 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
8th		Ubara-Tutu	r. c. 2820 – c. 2810 BCE (≈10 years)	Unclear succession
9th		Ziusudra	r. c. 2810 – c. 2800 BCE (≈10 years)	Son of Ubara-Tutu

Kish I dynasty (c. 2800 – c. 2670 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
10th		Etana	r. c. 2800 – c. 2782 BCE (≈18 years)	Unclear succession
11th	Balih		r. c. 2782 – c. 2775 BCE (≈7 years)	Son of Etana
12th	En-me-nuna		r. c. 2775 – c. 2769 BCE (≈6 years)	Unclear succession
13th	Melem-Kish		r. c. 2769 – c. 2764 BCE (≈5 years)	Sons of En-me-nuna
14th	Barsal-nuna		r. c. 2764 – c. 2760 BCE (≈4 years)
15th	Zamug		r. c. 2760 – c. 2757 BCE (≈3 years)	Son of Barsal-nuna
16th	Tizqar		r. c. 2757 – c. 2755 BCE (≈2 years)	Son of Zamug
17th	Ilku		r. c. 2755 – c. 2754 BCE (≈1 year)	Unclear succession
18th	Iltasadum		r. c. 2754 – c. 2750 BCE (≈4 years)
19th		Enmebaragesi	r. c. 2750 – c. 2700 BCE (≈50 years)	Unclear succession
20th		Aga	r. c. 2700 – c. 2670 BCE (≈30 years)	Son of Enmebaragesi

Uruk I dynasty (c. 2670 – c. 2620 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
21st		Gilgamesh	r. c. 2670 – c. 2650 BCE (≈20 years)	Son of Lugalbanda (?)
22nd	Ur-Nungal		r. c. 2650 – c. 2620 BCE (≈30 years)	Son of Gilgamesh

Ur I dynasty (c. 2620 – c. 2500 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
23rd		A-Imdugud	r. c. 2620 – c. 2600 BCE (≈20 years)	Unclear succession
24th		Ur-Pabilsag	r. c. 2600 – c. 2550 BCE (≈50 years)	Son of A-Imdugud (?) d.  c. 2550 BCE
25th		Meskiagnun	r. c. 2550 – c. 2514 BCE (≈36 years)	Son of Mesannepada (?)
26th		Akalamdug	r. c. 2514 – c. 2500 BCE (≈29 years)	Son of Meskalamdug (?)
27th		Meskalamdug	r. c. 2500 BCE (≈1 year)	Son of Akalamdug (?)
28th		Puabi	r. c. 2500 BCE (≈1 year)	Wife of Meskalamdug (?)

Old Elamite I period (c. 2500 BCE)

Awan dynasty (c. 2500 BCE)

Early Dynastic IIIa period (c. 2500 – c. 2400 BCE)

Kish II dynasty (c. 2500 – c. 2466 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
30th		Mesilim	r. c. 2500 BCE (≈1 year)	Unclear succession
31st	Susuda		r. c. 2500 – c. 2487 BCE (≈13 years)
32nd	Dadasig		r. c. 2487 – c. 2481 BCE (≈6 years)
33rd	Mamagal		r. c. 2481 – c. 2476 BCE (≈5 years)
34th	Kalbum		r. c. 2476 – c. 2472 BCE (≈4 years)	Son of Mamagal
35th	Tuge		r. c. 2472 – c. 2469 BCE (≈3 years)	Unclear succession
36th	Mennuna		r. c. 2469 – c. 2467 BCE (≈2 years)	Son of Tuge
37th	Lugalngu		r. c. 2467 – c. 2466 BCE (≈1 year)	Unclear succession

Hamazi dynasty (c. 2466 – c. 2459 BCE)

Lagash I dynasty (c. 2459 – c. 2457 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
39th		Eannatum	r. c. 2459 – c. 2457 BCE (≈2 years)	Son of Akurgal (?)

Uruk II dynasty (c. 2457 – c. 2375 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
40th	Lugalnamniršumma		r. c. 2457 – c. 2455 BCE (≈2 years)	Unclear succession
41st	Lugalsilâsi I		r. c. 2455 – c. 2445 BCE (≈10 years)
42nd	Urzage		r. c. 2445 – c. 2430 BCE (≈15 years)
43rd		Lugalkinishedudu	r. c. 2430 – c. 2400 BCE (≈30 years)
44th		Lugal-kisalsi	r. c. 2400 – c. 2375 BCE (≈25 years)	Son of Lugalkinishedudu

Early Dynastic IIIb period (c. 2400 – c. 2350 BCE)

Ur II dynasty (c. 2375 – c. 2373 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
45th		Elulu	r. c. 2375 – c. 2373 BCE (≈2 years)	Unclear succession

Adab dynasty (c. 2373 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
46th		Lugal-Anne-Mundu	r. c. 2373 BCE (≈1 year)	Unclear succession

Mari dynasty (c. 2373 – c. 2364 BCE)

Kish III dynasty (c. 2364 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
48th		Kubaba	r. c. 2364 BCE (≈1 year)	Unclear succession

Akshak dynasty (c. 2364 – c. 2360 BCE)

Akkadian period (c. 2350 – c. 2154 BCE)

Kish IV dynasty (c. 2360 – c. 2340 BCE)

Uruk III dynasty (c. 2340 – c. 2316 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
51st		Lugalzagesi	r. c. 2340 – c. 2316 BCE (≈24 years)	Son of Ukush

Sargonic dynasty of Akkad (c. 2316 – c. 2154 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
52nd		Sargon	r. c. 2316 – c. 2279 BCE (≈37 years)	Son of La'ibum
53rd		Rimush	r. c. 2279 – c. 2270 BCE (≈9 years)	Sons of Sargon
54th		Manishtushu	r. c. 2270 – c. 2255 BCE (≈15 years)
55th		Naram-Suen	r. c. 2255 – c. 2218 BCE (≈37 years)	Son of Manishtushu
56th		Sharkalisharri	r. c. 2218 – c. 2193 BCE (≈25 years)	Son of Naram-Suen
57th	Igigi		r. c. 2193 – c. 2192 BCE (≈1 year)	Unclear succession
58th	Imi		r. c. 2192 – c. 2191 BCE (≈1 year)
59th	Nanum		r. c. 2191 – c. 2190 BCE (≈1 year)
60th	Ilulu		r. c. 2190 – c. 2189 BCE (≈1 year)
61st		Dudu	r. c. 2189 – c. 2168 BCE (≈21 years)	Relative of Sharkalisharri (?)
62nd		Shu-turul	r. c. 2168 – c. 2154 BCE (≈14 years)	Son of Dudu

Early Bronze Age IV (c. 2200 – c. 2100 BCE)

Gutian period (c. 2154 – c. 2119 BCE)

Uruk IV dynasty (c. 2154 – c. 2139 BCE)

Gutian dynasty (c. 2139 – c. 2119 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
63rd		Puzur-Suen	r. c. 2139 – c. 2134 BCE (≈5 years)	Son of Hablum
64th	Yarlaganda		r. c. 2134 – c. 2127 BCE (≈7 years)	Unclear succession
65th		Siium	r. c. 2127 – c. 2120 BCE (≈7 years)
66th		Tirigan	r. c. 2120 – c. 2119 BCE (≈40 days)

Middle Bronze Age (c. 2100 – c. 1550 BCE)

Middle Bronze Age I (c. 2100 – c. 2000 BCE)

Ur III period (c. 2119 – c. 2004 BCE)

Uruk V dynasty (c. 2119 – c. 2112 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
67th		Utu-hengal	r. c. 2119 – c. 2112 BCE (≈7 years)	Unclear succession

Ur III dynasty (c. 2112 – c. 2004 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
68th		Ur-Nammu	r. c. 2112 – c. 2094 BCE (≈18 years)	Son of Utu-hengal (?)
69th		Shulgi	r. c. 2094 – c. 2046 BCE (≈48 years)	Son of Ur-Nammu
70th		Amar-Suen	r. c. 2046 – c. 2037 BCE (≈9 years)	Son of Shulgi
71st		Shu-Suen	r. c. 2037 – c. 2028 BCE (≈9 years)	Son of Amar-Suen
72nd		Ibbi-Suen	r. c. 2028 – c. 2004 BCE (≈24 years)	Son of Shu-Suen

Old Elamite II period (c. 2004 – c. 2001 BCE)

Shimashki dynasty (c. 2004 – c. 2001 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
73rd		Kindattu	r. c. 2004 – c. 2001 BCE (≈3 years)	Unclear succession

Middle Bronze Age II (c. 2000 – c. 1550 BCE)

Isin-Larsa period (c. 2001 – c. 1790 BCE)

Isin I dynasty (c. 2001 – c. 1932 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
74th		Ishbi-Erra	r. c. 2001 – c. 1985 BCE (≈16 years)	Unclear succession
75th		Shu-Ilishu	r. c. 1985 – c. 1975 BCE (≈10 years)	Son of Ishbi-Erra
76th		Iddin-Dagan	r. c. 1975 – c. 1954 BCE (≈21 years)	Son of Shu-Ilishu
77th		Ishme-Dagan	r. c. 1954 – c. 1934 BCE (≈20 years)	Son of Iddin-Dagan
78th		Lipit-Ishtar	r. c. 1934 – c. 1932 BCE (≈2 years)	Son of Ishme-Dagan

Larsa dynasty (c. 1932 – c. 1818 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
79th	Gungunum		r. c. 1932 – c. 1905 BCE (≈27 years)	Son of Samium
80th	Abisare		r. c. 1905 – c. 1894 BCE (≈11 years)	Unclear succession
81st		Sumuel	r. c. 1894 – c. 1865 BCE (≈29 years)
82nd	Nur-Adad		r. c. 1865 – c. 1850 BCE (≈15 years)
83rd		Sin-Iddinam	r. c. 1850 – c. 1843 BCE (≈7 years)	Son of Nur-Adad
84th	Sin-Eribam		r. c. 1843 – c. 1841 BCE (≈2 years)	Unclear succession
85th	Sin-Iqisham		r. c. 1841 – c. 1836 BCE (≈5 years)	Son of Sin-Eribam
86th	Silli-Adad		r. c. 1836 – c. 1835 BCE (≈1 year)	Unclear succession d.  c. 1835 BCE
87th		Warad-Sin	r. c. 1835 – c. 1823 BCE (≈12 years)	Sons of Kudur-Mabuk
88th		Rim-Sin I	r. c. 1823 – c. 1818 BCE (≈5 years)

Eshnunna dynasty (c. 1818 – c. 1790 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
89th	Ipiq-Adad II		r. c. 1818 – c. 1816 BCE (≈2 years)	Unclear succession
90th	Naram-Suen		r. c. 1816 – c. 1797 BCE (≈19 years)	Son of Ipiq-Adad II
91st	Dannum-tahaz		r. c. 1797 – c. 1792 BCE (≈5 years)	Unclear succession
92nd	Ibni-Erra		r. c. 1792 – c. 1791 BCE (≈1 year)
93rd	Ibbi-Suen		r. c. 1791 – c. 1790 BCE (≈1 year)
94th		Dadusha	r. c. 1790 BCE (≈1 year)	Son of Ipiq-Adad II

Old Elamite III period (c. 1778 – c. 1776 BCE)

Sukkalmah dynasty (c. 1778 – c. 1776 BCE)

Old Assyrian period (c. 1776 – c. 1775 BCE)

Shamshi-Adad dynasty of Shubat-Enlil (c. 1776 – c. 1775 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
96th		Shamshi-Adad I	r. c. 1776 – c. 1775 BCE (≈1 year)	Son of Ila-kabkabu

Old Babylonian period (c. 1775 – c. 1595 BCE)

Lim dynasty of Mari (c. 1775 – c. 1761 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
97th		Zimri-Lim	r. c. 1775 – c. 1761 BCE (≈14 years)	Son of Yahdun-Lim

Amorite dynasty of Babylon (c. 1761 – c. 1595 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
98th		Hammurabi	r. c. 1761 – c. 1750 BCE (≈11 years)	Son of Sin-Muballit d.  c. 1750 BCE
99th		Samsu-iluna	r. c. 1750 – c. 1712 BCE (≈38 years)	Son of Hammurabi
100th	Abieshu		r. c. 1712 – c. 1684 BCE (≈28 years)	Son of Samsu-iluna
101st	Ammi-Ditana		r. c. 1684 – c. 1647 BCE (≈37 years)	Son of Abieshu
102nd	Ammisaduqa		r. c. 1647 – c. 1626 BCE (≈21 years)	Son of Ammi-Ditana
103rd	Samsu-Ditana		r. c. 1626 – c. 1595 BCE (≈31 years)	Son of Ammisaduqa

Hittite dynasty of Kussara (c. 1595 – c. 1545 BCE)

Late Bronze Age (c. 1550 – c. 1200 BCE)

Late Bronze Age I (c. 1550 – c. 1400 BCE)

Middle Babylonian period (c. 1595 – c. 1400 BCE)

First Sealand dynasty of Babylon (c. 1545 – c. 1475 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
106th	Ayadaragalama		r. c. 1545 – c. 1517 BCE (≈28 years)	Son of Peshgaldaramesh
107th	Ekurul		r. c. 1517 – c. 1491 BCE (≈26 years)	Unclear succession
108th	Melamma		r. c. 1491 – c. 1484 BCE (≈7 years)
109th		Eaga	r. c. 1484 – c. 1475 BCE (≈9 years)

Mitanni dynasty of Washukanni (c. 1475 – c. 1415 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
110th		Shaushtatar	r. c. 1475 – c. 1460 BC (≈15 years)	Son of Parattarna I
111th	Parattarna II		r. c. 1460 – c. 1435 BC (≈25 years)	Unclear succession
112th	Shaitarna		r. c. 1435 – c. 1425 BC (≈10 years)
113th	Artatama I		r. c. 1425 – c. 1415 BC (≈10 years)	Son of Shaushtatar

Kassite dynasty of Dur-Kurigalzu (c. 1415 – c. 1282 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
115th		Karaindash	r. c. 1415 – c. 1410 BCE (≈5 years)	Unclear succession
116th	Kadashman-Harbe I		r. c. 1410 – c. 1400 BCE (≈10 years)	Son of Karaindash
117th		Kurigalzu I	r. c. 1400 – c. 1374 BCE (≈26 years)	Son of Kadashman-harbe I
118th		Kadashman-Enlil I	r. c. 1374 – c. 1360 BCE (≈14 years)	Son of Kurigalzu I (?)
119th		Burna-Buriash II	r. c. 1360 – c. 1333 BCE (≈27 years)	Son of Kadashman-Enlil I
120th	Kara-hardash		r. c. 1333 BCE (≈1 year)	Son of Burna-Buriash II (?)
121st	Nazi-Bugash		r. c. 1333 BCE (≈1 year)	Usurper, unrelated to other kings
122nd		Kurigalzu II	r. c. 1333 – c. 1308 BCE (≈25 years)	Son of Burna-Buriash II
123rd		Nazi-Maruttash	r. c. 1308 – c. 1282 BCE (≈26 years)	Son of Kurigalzu II

Late Bronze Age II (c. 1400 – c. 1200 BCE)

Middle Assyrian period (c. 1364 – c. 1026 BCE)

Adaside dynasty of Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta (c. 1364 – c. 1133 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
123rd		Ashur-uballit I	r. c. 1364 – c. 1328 BCE (≈36 years)	Son of Eriba-Adad I
124th	Enlil-nirari		r. c. 1328 – c. 1318 BCE (≈10 years)	Son of Ashur-uballit I
125th	Arik-den-ili		r. c. 1318 – c. 1306 BCE (≈12 years)	Son of Enlil-nirari
126th		Adad-nirari I	r. c. 1306 – c. 1274 BCE (≈32 years)	Son of Arik-den-ili
127th		Shalmaneser I	r. c. 1274 – c. 1244 BCE (≈30 years)	Son of Adad-nirari I
128th		Tukulti-Ninurta I	r. c. 1244 – c. 1207 BCE (≈37 years)	Son of Shalmaneser I
129th		Ashur-nadin-apli	r. c. 1207 – c. 1203 BCE (≈4 years)	Son of Tukulti-Ninurta I
130th	Ashur-nirari III		r. c. 1203 – c. 1197 BCE (≈6 years)	Son of Ashur-nadin-apli
131st	Enlil-kudurri-usur		r. c. 1197 – c. 1192 BCE (≈5 years)	Son of Tukulti-Ninurta I
132nd	Ninurta-apal-Ekur		r. c. 1192 – c. 1179 BCE (≈13 years)	Great-great-great-grandson of Adad-nirari I
133rd	Ashur-dan I		r. c. 1179 – c. 1133 BCE (≈46 years)	Son of Ninurta-apal-Ekur

Isin II dynasty (c. 1133 – c. 1026 BCE)

#	Portrait or inscription	Ruler	Approx. date and length of reign	Succession and death details	Comments, notes, and references
134th	Ninurta-nadin-shumi		r. c. 1133 – c. 1126 BCE (≈7 years)	Relative of Itti-Marduk-balatu (?)
135th		Nebuchadnezzar I	r. c. 1126 – c. 1104 BCE (≈22 years)	Son of Ninurta-nadin-shumi
136th		Enlil-nadin-apli	r. c. 1104 – c. 1100 BCE (≈4 years)	Son of Nebuchadnezzar I
137th		Marduk-nadin-ahhe	r. c. 1100 – c. 1082 BCE (≈18 years)	Son of Ninurta-nadin-shumi
138th		Marduk-shapik-zeri	r. c. 1082 – c. 1069 BCE (≈13 years)	Son of Marduk-nadin-ahhe
139th	Adad-apla-iddina		r. c. 1069 – c. 1045 BCE (≈24 years)	Unclear succession
140th		Marduk-ahhe-eriba	r. c. 1045 BCE (≈6 months)
141st	Marduk-zer-X		r. c. 1045 – c. 1033 BCE (≈12 years)
142nd		Nabu-shum-libur	r. c. 1033 – c. 1026 BCE (≈7 years)

Iron Age (c. 1200 – c. 539 BCE)

Iron Age I (c. 1200 – c. 1000 BCE)

Iron Age I A (c. 1200 – c. 1150 BCE)

Iron Age I B (c. 1150 – c. 1000 BCE)

Iron Age II (c. 1000 – c. 539 BCE)

Iron Age II A (c. 1000 – c. 900 BCE)

Neo-Elamite I period (c. 1000 – c. 760 BCE)

Elamite dynasty of Babylonia (c. 980 – c. 974 BCE)

First Neo-Elamite dynasty (c. 974 – c. 760 BCE)

Iron Age II B (c. 900 – c. 700 BCE)

Neo-Assyrian period (c. 912 – c. 626 BCE)

Adaside dynasty at Assur (c. 912 – c. 879 BCE)

Adaside dynasty at Nimrud (c. 879 – c. 706 BCE)

Sargonid dynasty at Dur-Sharrukin (c. 706 – c. 705 BCE)

Sargonid dynasty at Nineveh (c. 705 – c. 612 BCE)

Sargonid dynasty at Harran (c. 612 – c. 609 BCE)

Neo-Elamite III period (c. 688 – c. 645 BCE)

Hubanid dynasty (c. 688 – c. 645 BCE)

Iron Age II C (c. 700 – c. 539 BCE)

Neo-Babylonian period (c. 626 – c. 539 BCE)

Chaldean dynasty of Babylonia (c. 626 – c. 539 BCE)

Gallery

See also

References

Notes

Citations

Sources