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A lot of speculation and unfounded hypotheses are circulating regarding the origins of SARS-Cov-2, the virus which causes COVID-19. This has unfortunately led to many different actors attempting to disrupt the coverage of this subject here on Wikipedia, by citing poor sources or basing their coverage on newspapers. I will here endeavour to make a thorough inquest through existing research papers on the matter, to have a readily accessible annotated list which will allow to see what scientists say on the matter and to guide further discussions on the topic.
Papers were keyword searched through the databases of PUBMED and some leading publishers. Papers in journals which are not MEDLINE-indexed were not further investigated. Relevant papers were selected after reading the abstract and looking at the depth of coverage on the issue. Preference was given to reviews and papers from virologists in relevant journals.
Search queries and statistics
Total: 877 matching queries, 187 total selected, 16 from other sources (before removing all duplicates)
Criteria:
Checking whether a journal is MEDLINE or not is simple enough. Clicking on the journal name (in PubMed) should allow directly viewing the journal in the NLM catalog (ex.
[1] ), where the relevant information should be easily retrievable.
An article cited by 10 or less other articles is "relatively few" Y ; although some caution when interpreting this should be given in regards to more recent articles. High-impact articles (cited by a 100 or more others) should be given an approximate count (rounded down) to highlight these. For consistency, numbers should be retrieved from the same source (PubMed), but this shouldn't be much of a factor for articles with a high amount of citations.
Author credibility is usually verifiable from the affiliations listed in the author list of the article, but if in doubt, it is always better to verify at the page of the named institution(s).
Zhou, Hong; Ji, Jingkai; Chen, Xing; Bi, Yuhai; Li, Juan; Wang, Qihui; Hu, Tao; Song, Hao; Zhao, Runchu; Chen, Yanhua; Cui, Mingxue; Zhang, Yanyan; Hughes, Alice C.; Holmes, Edward C.; Shi, Weifeng (June 2021).
"Identification of novel bat coronaviruses sheds light on the evolutionary origins of SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses" . Cell (Cambridge) . 184 (17): 4380–4391.e14.
doi :
10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.008 .
ISSN
0092-8674 .
PMC
8188299 .
PMID
34147139 .
MEDLINE: Y yes (
NLM listing )
Cited by others: no, recent, cited in the news (ex.
Guardian ) Y
Credible authors: Infectious diseases and public health experts from (mostly) China
Machado, Denis Jacob; Scott, Rachel; Guirales, Sayal; Janies, Daniel A. (2021).
"Fundamental evolution of all Orthocoronavirinae including three deadly lineages descendent from Chiroptera-hosted coronaviruses: SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2" . Cladistics . 37 (5): 461–488.
doi :
10.1111/cla.12454 .
ISSN
1096-0031 .
PMC
8239696 .
PMID
34570933 .
MEDLINE: only articles related to space life sciences Not sure [this might more be indicative of a topic restriction of MEDLINE than of the reliability of the other articles] - Journal is amongst the top journals in its field (Ecology, Evolutionary biology, ...) for impact factor, so appears credible nonetheless
Cited by others: no, recent N
Credible authors: Bioinformatics Research Center (UNC Charlotte), first author is specialised in bioinformatics and phylogenetics.
Comment: * Appears to be a primary study about an analysis of the title subject.
Quotes: "A recent literature review of the zoonotic origins of HCoVs (Ye et al., 2020) describes that the fundamental hosts of HCoVs can be Rodentia (for HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1) or Chiroptera (for HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2). According to Ye et al. (2020), data on intermediate hosts of HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1 are absent. Furthermore, Ye et al. (2020) also point out that there is an open debate about the existence of intermediate hosts of HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2."; "Current public data indicate that the key epidemiological event in the history of SARS-CoV-2 was that a Chiroptera-hosted lineage of viruses infected an urban human population in Wuhan, China (Zhao et al., 2020) and this is perhaps linked to earlier infections in rural populations (Wang et al., 2018)."; "Other strategies, more speculative than those listed above, have been used to suggest that SARS-CoV-2 came from a laboratory accident at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (Rogin, 2020). The evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 was not purposefully manipulated (Andersen et al., 2020). Moreover, the notion that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic resulted from a laboratory accident at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (Rogin, 2020) is not necessary to explain the pandemic."
Summary: Available literature shows multiple precedents for zoonotic transmission of HCoVs (human coronaviruses). Available evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 spread from Wuhan, although that might not be the actual origin. Speculation, such as claims of a lab leak, are not supported by evidence and are not needed to explain the emergence of the pandemic.
Attia, Y. A.; El-Saadony, M. T.; Swelum, A. A.; Qattan SYA; Al-Qurashi, A. D.; Asiry, K. A.; Shafi, M. E.; Elbestawy, A. R.; Gado, A. R.; Khafaga, A. F.; Hussein EOS; Ba-Awadh, H.; Tiwari, R.; Dhama, K.; Alhussaini, B.; Alyileili, S. R.; El-Tarabily, K. A.; Abd El-Hack, M. E. (2021).
"COVID-19: Pathogenesis, advances in treatment and vaccine development and environmental impact-an updated review" . Environmental Science and Pollution Research International . 28 (18): 22241–22264.
doi :
10.1007/s11356-021-13018-1 .
PMC
7969349 .
PMID
33733422 .
MEDLINE: yes Y
Cited by others: no, recent N
Credible authors: broad experience including relevant fields, mostly agriculture and environment
Comment: * "a few scientists believe that SARS-CoV-2 emerged through laboratory manipulations of SARS-CoV-like coronaviruses. The RBD of SARS-CoV-2 is optimized for binding ACE-2, which is distinct from other coronaviruses. However, the genetic data on SARS-CoV-2 does not show any evidence of a laboratory origin.... Most researchers agree that bats or pangolins are the primary reservoirs of coronaviruses, but the transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 to humans from this primary reservoir is still under study"
Sheervalilou, Roghayeh; Shirvaliloo, Milad; Dadashzadeh, Nahid; Shirvalilou, Sakine; Shahraki, Omolbanin; Pilehvar-Soltanahmadi, Younes; Ghaznavi, Habib; Khoei, Samideh; Nazarlou, Ziba (December 2020).
"COVID-19 under spotlight: A close look at the origin, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of the 2019-nCoV disease" . Journal of Cellular Physiology . 235 (12): 8873–8924.
doi :
10.1002/jcp.29735 .
ISSN
1097-4652 .
PMC
7283670 .
PMID
32452539 .
MEDLINE: yes Y
Cited by others: yes, relatively few Y
Credible authors: cellular and molecular research/generic medicine (related topic)
Mishra, S. K.; Tripathi, T. (2021).
"One year update on the COVID-19 pandemic: Where are we now?" . Acta Tropica . 214 : 105778.
doi :
10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105778 .
PMC
7695590 .
PMID
33253656 .
MEDLINE: yes Y
Cited by others: yes Y
Credible authors: botany, biochemistry
Comment: * Come across as highly confident in market zoonosis. "SARS-CoV-2 is thought to have originated in bats via genetic recombination of existing bat CoV strains and to have been transmitted from bats to humans either directly or through unknown intermediate hosts, similarly to the roles of civets and camels in SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, respectively"
Samudrala, Pavan Kumar; Kumar, Pramod; Choudhary, Kamlesh; Thakur, Nagender; Wadekar, Gaurav Suresh; Dayaramani, Richa; Agrawal, Mukta; Alexander, Amit (2020-09-15).
"Virology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and in-line treatment of COVID-19" . European Journal of Pharmacology . 883 : 173375.
doi :
10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173375 .
ISSN
0014-2999 .
PMC
7366121 .
PMID
32682788 .
MEDLINE: yes Y
Cited by others: yes, relatively few Y
Credible authors: expertise mostly in pharmacology
Uddin, Mohammed; Mustafa, Farah; Rizvi, Tahir A.; Loney, Tom; Al Suwaidi, Hanan; Al-Marzouqi, Ahmed H. Hassan; Kamal Eldin, Afaf; Alsabeeha, Nabeel; Adrian, Thomas E.; Stefanini, Cesare; Nowotny, Norbert; Alsheikh-Ali, Alawi; Senok, Abiola C. (2020-05-10).
"SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Viral Genomics, Epidemiology, Vaccines, and Therapeutic Interventions" . Viruses . 12 (5): 526.
doi :
10.3390/v12050526 .
ISSN
1999-4915 .
PMC
7290442 .
PMID
32397688 .
MEDLINE: yes (published by MDPI) Y
Cited by others: yes Y
Credible authors: non-virologists, but expertise in genetics, biochemistry, microbiology - related topics
Sun, Jiumeng; He, Wan-Ting; Wang, Lifang; Lai, Alexander; Ji, Xiang; Zhai, Xiaofeng; Li, Gairu; Suchard, Marc A.; Tian, Jin; Zhou, Jiyong; Veit, Michael; Su, Shuo (May 2020).
"COVID-19: Epidemiology, Evolution, and Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives" . Trends in Molecular Medicine . 26 (5): 483–495.
doi :
10.1016/j.molmed.2020.02.008 .
ISSN
1471-4914 .
PMC
7118693 .
PMID
32359479 .
MEDLINE: yes Y
Cited by others: yes (120+) Y
Credible authors: biotechnology, animal health; some virologists
Adhikari, Sasmita Poudel; Meng, Sha; Wu, Yu-Ju; Mao, Yu-Ping; Ye, Rui-Xue; Wang, Qing-Zhi; Sun, Chang; Sylvia, Sean; Rozelle, Scott; Raat, Hein; Zhou, Huan (2020-03-17).
"Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review" . Infectious Diseases of Poverty . 9 (1): 29.
doi :
10.1186/s40249-020-00646-x .
ISSN
2049-9957 .
PMC
7079521 .
PMID
32183901 . {{
cite journal }}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link )
MEDLINE: yes Y
Cited by others: yes (400+) Y Y
Credible authors: public health (related topic)
Comment: * a bit dated ("They detected 33 samples containing SARS-CoV-2 and indicated that it originated from wild animals sold in the market"). This might be useful for an "early in the pandemic, researchers thought X" style statement, but we already have sources for that in
Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2#Reservoir_and_zoonotic_origin . Again, this is a broad review of existing sources so likely not all of them will be useable in articles.
Guo, Yan-Rong; Cao, Qing-Dong; Hong, Zhong-Si; Tan, Yuan-Yang; Chen, Shou-Deng; Jin, Hong-Jun; Tan, Kai-Sen; Wang, De-Yun; Yan, Yan (2020-03-13).
"The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the status" . Military Medical Research . 7 (1): 11.
doi :
10.1186/s40779-020-00240-0 .
ISSN
2095-7467 .
PMC
7068984 .
PMID
32169119 . {{
cite journal }}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link )
MEDLINE: yes Y
Cited by others: yes (1100+) Y
Credible authors: non-virologists, general medical expertise
Comment: * dated source from Guangdong authors. Pretty typical origin explanation for early 2020. Based on virus genome sequencing results and evolutionary analysis, bat has been suspected as natural host of virus origin, and SARS-CoV-2 might be transmitted from bats via unknown intermediate hosts to infect humans. It is clear now that SARS-CoV-2 could use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the same receptor as SARS-CoV, to infect humans... Direct contact with intermediate host animals or consumption of wild animals was suspected to be the main route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. However, the source(s) and transmission routine(s) of SARS-CoV-2 remain elusive.
Cui, Jie; Li, Fang; Shi, Zheng-Li (March 2019).
"Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses" . Nature Reviews. Microbiology . 17 (3): 181–192.
doi :
10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9 .
ISSN
1740-1534 .
PMC
7097006 .
PMID
30531947 .
MEDLINE: yes (Nature Reviews) Y Y
Cited by others: yes (1200+), also
Commentary in Front Immunol. 2020; 11: 811. Y
Credible authors: virologists from the WIV +
biomedicine (i.e. broadly relevant topic)
Comment: * this isn't about SARS-Cov-2 (the commentary is). It could however be used (along with the commentary for the link to ) for information about the origin of other coronavirus outbreaks. It might be particularly interesting because it predates the current pandemic.
McAloose, Denise; Laverack, Melissa; Wang, Leyi; Killian, Mary Lea; Caserta, Leonardo C.; Yuan, Fangfeng; Mitchell, Patrick K.; Queen, Krista; Mauldin, Matthew R.; Cronk, Brittany D.; Bartlett, Susan L.; Sykes, John M.; Zec, Stephanie; Stokol, Tracy; Ingerman, Karen; Delaney, Martha A.; Fredrickson, Richard; Ivančić, Marina; Jenkins-Moore, Melinda; Mozingo, Katie; Franzen, Kerrie; Bergeson, Nichole Hines; Goodman, Laura; Wang, Haibin; Fang, Ying; Olmstead, Colleen; McCann, Colleen; Thomas, Patrick; Goodrich, Erin; Elvinger, François; Smith, David C.; Tong, Suxiang; Slavinski, Sally; Calle, Paul P.; Terio, Karen; Torchetti, Mia Kim; Diel, Diego G. (2020-10-27).
"From People to Panthera : Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Tigers and Lions at the Bronx Zoo" . mBio . 11 (5).
doi :
10.1128/mBio.02220-20 .
PMC
7554670 .
PMID
33051368 .
MEDLINE: yes Y
Cited by others: yes Y
Credible authors: Veterinary medicine, CDC, National Veterinary Services (credible expertise for what they're reporting about
Comment: * This is a primary study regarding reverse zoonosis, although the background section (summarised below) is obviously not a primary study.
Summary: Despite multiple barriers to transmission, zoonoses are a major cause of the emergence of new human pathogens. The paper describes an example of reverse zoonosis, zoo animals being infected by SARS-CoV-2 from contact with humans. The paper describes the origin of the virus as a likely zoonotic event, since genome analysis has shown SARS-CoV-2 to be closely related to existing bat viruses, describing horseshoe bats as the likely reservoir where the virus might have circulated for decades without detection. While zoonotic origin is presented as a likely or "suspected" event, no alternative hypotheses are mentioned.
Islam, Md Saiful; Sarkar, Tonmoy; Khan, Sazzad Hossain; Mostofa Kamal, Abu-Hena; Hasan, S. M. Murshid; Kabir, Alamgir; Yeasmin, Dalia; Islam, Mohammad Ariful; Amin Chowdhury, Kamal Ibne; Anwar, Kazi Selim; Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad; Seale, Holly (October 2020).
"COVID-19-Related Infodemic and Its Impact on Public Health: A Global Social Media Analysis" . The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene . 103 (4): 1621–1629.
doi :
10.4269/ajtmh.20-0812 .
ISSN
1476-1645 .
PMC
7543839 .
PMID
32783794 .
MEDLINE: yes Y
Cited by others: yes Y
Credible authors: infectious diseases & microbiology, public health; one non-medical expert (engineering and technology - might be relevant for the misinformation bit)
Comment: * this seems like a study about misinformation, so would be a primary source - but it's also not making claims about biomedicine, rather about misinformation.
Khan, Suliman; Siddique, Rabeea; Shereen, Muhammad Adnan; Ali, Ashaq; Liu, Jianbo; Bai, Qian; Bashir, Nadia; Xue, Mengzhou (2020-03-11).
"Emergence of a Novel Coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: Biology and Therapeutic Options" . Journal of Clinical Microbiology . 58 (5): e00187–20, /jcm/58/5/JCM.00187–20.atom.
doi :
10.1128/JCM.00187-20 .
PMC
7180238 .
PMID
32161092 .
MEDLINE: yes Y
Cited by others: yes Y
Credible authors: various, including virologists from the WIV
Comment: * "This article has been corrected, see
J Clin Microbiol. 2020 July 23; 58(8): e01297-20 ", but this appears to be minor (about one source being removed/changed).
Summary: (most relevant bits, quoted) "Although the zoonotic source of SARS-CoV-2 is not confirmed, its genome sequence exhibits close relatedness (88% identity) with two bat-derived SARS-like coronaviruses (bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21). [...] These observations suggest that bats are the source of origin, while an animal sold at the Wuhan seafood market might represent an intermediate host facilitating the emergence of the virus in humans"
Ye, Z. W.; Yuan, S.; Yuen, K. S.; Fung, S. Y.; Chan, C. P.; Jin, D. Y. (2020).
"Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses" . International Journal of Biological Sciences . 16 (10): 1686–1697.
doi :
10.7150/ijbs.45472 .
PMC
7098031 .
PMID
32226286 .
MEDLINE: yes Y
Cited by others: yes (180+) Y
Credible authors: Microbiologists from Hong Kong
Comment: Although early in the pandemic, it puts forwards reasonable doubts about some specifics, including the lack of evidence for the pangolin as an intermediary host. Concludes discussion about SARS-CoV-2 by stating that "the jury is still out on the immediate zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2.", but overall comes off as highly confident in a zoonotic origin being a matter of fact (not even under debate), with other hypotheses not even mentioned.
No check done yet (beyond screening through the title and the abstract)
Platto, Sara; Wang, Yanqing; Zhou, Jinfeng; Carafoli, Ernesto (January 2021).
"History of the COVID-19 pandemic: Origin, explosion, worldwide spreading" . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 538 : 14–23.
doi :
10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.087 .
ISSN
0006-291X .
PMC
7834510 .
PMID
33199023 .
Platto, Sara; Zhou, Jinfeng; Wang, Yanqing; Wang, Huo; Carafoli, Ernesto (2021-01-29).
"Biodiversity loss and COVID-19 pandemic: The role of bats in the origin and the spreading of the disease" . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 538 : 2–13.
doi :
10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.028 .
ISSN
0006-291X .
PMC
7566801 .
PMID
33092787 .
MacLean, Oscar A.; Lytras, Spyros; Weaver, Steven; Singer, Joshua B.; Boni, Maciej F.; Lemey, Philippe; Pond, Sergei L. Kosakovsky; Robertson, David L. (2021-03-12).
"Natural selection in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in bats created a generalist virus and highly capable human pathogen" . PLOS Biology . 19 (3): e3001115.
doi :
10.1371/journal.pbio.3001115 .
ISSN
1545-7885 .
PMC
7990310 .
PMID
33711012 . {{
cite journal }}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link )
LaTourrette, Katherine; Holste, Natalie M.; Rodriguez-Peña, Rosalba; Arruda Leme, Raquel; Garcia-Ruiz, Hernan (2021).
"Genome-wide variation in betacoronaviruses" . Journal of Virology . 95 (15): e0049621.
doi :
10.1128/jvi.00496-21 .
PMC
8274613 .
PMID
34037417 . (marked as a "just accepted" pre-print - might be worth checking out in a few weeks time, leave be for time being)
Dhama, Kuldeep; Khan, Sharun; Tiwari, Ruchi; Sircar, Shubhankar; Bhat, Sudipta; Malik, Yashpal Singh; Singh, Karam Pal; Chaicumpa, Wanpen; Bonilla-Aldana, D. Katterine; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J. (2020-06-24).
"Coronavirus Disease 2019–COVID-19" . Clinical Microbiology Reviews . 33 (4): e00028–20, /cmr/33/4/CMR.00028–20.atom.
doi :
10.1128/CMR.00028-20 .
PMC
7405836 .
PMID
32580969 .
Saif, Linda J.; Jung, Kwonil (2020-06-10).
"Comparative Pathogenesis of Bovine and Porcine Respiratory Coronaviruses in the Animal Host Species and SARS-CoV-2 in Humans" . Journal of Clinical Microbiology . 58 (8): e01355–20, /jcm/58/8/JCM.01355–20.atom.
doi :
10.1128/JCM.01355-20 .
PMC
7383540 .
PMID
32522830 .
Simsek, Ceren; Corman, Victor Max; Everling, Hermann Ulrich; Lukashev, Alexander N.; Rasche, Andrea; Maganga, Gael Darren; Binger, Tabea; Jansen, Daan; Beller, Leen; Deboutte, Ward; Gloza-Rausch, Florian; Seebens-Hoyer, Antje; Yordanov, Stoian; Sylverken, Augustina; Oppong, Samuel; Sarkodie, Yaw Adu; Vallo, Peter; Leroy, Eric M.; Bourgarel, Mathieu; Yinda, Kwe Claude; Van Ranst, Marc; Drosten, Christian; Drexler, Jan Felix; Matthijnssens, Jelle (2021-02-23).
"At Least Seven Distinct Rotavirus Genotype Constellations in Bats with Evidence of Reassortment and Zoonotic Transmissions" . mBio . 12 (1).
doi :
10.1128/mBio.02755-20 .
PMC
7845630 .
PMID
33468689 .
Berekaa, M. M. (2021).
"Insights into the COVID-19 pandemic: Origin, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions" . Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite Edition) . 13 (1): 117–139.
doi :
10.2741/874 .
PMID
33048778 .
S2CID
222351405 . (Frontiers Bioscience - dubious publisher although MEDLINE for this particular journal)
Khan, M.; Adil, S. F.; Alkhathlan, H. Z.; Tahir, M. N.; Saif, S.; Khan, M.; Khan, S. T. (2020).
"COVID-19: A Global Challenge with Old History, Epidemiology and Progress So Far" . Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) . 26 (1): 39.
doi :
10.3390/molecules26010039 .
PMC
7795815 .
PMID
33374759 . (Molecules (MDPI) - same as above)
Ahn, D. G.; Shin, H. J.; Kim, M. H.; Lee, S.; Kim, H. S.; Myoung, J.; Kim, B. T.; Kim, S. J. (2020).
"Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)" . Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology . 30 (3): 313–324.
doi :
10.4014/jmb.2003.03011 .
PMID
32238757 .
S2CID
214767346 .
Wang, H.; Li, X.; Li, T.; Zhang, S.; Wang, L.; Wu, X.; Liu, J. (2020).
"The genetic sequence, origin, and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2" . European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology . 39 (9): 1629–1635.
doi :
10.1007/s10096-020-03899-4 .
PMC
7180649 .
PMID
32333222 .
Dhama, K.; Khan, S.; Tiwari, R.; Sircar, S.; Bhat, S.; Malik, Y. S.; Singh, K. P.; Chaicumpa, W.; Bonilla-Aldana, D. K.; Rodriguez-Morales, A. J. (2020).
"Coronavirus Disease 2019-COVID-19" . Clinical Microbiology Reviews . 33 (4).
doi :
10.1128/CMR.00028-20 .
PMC
7405836 .
PMID
32580969 .
Tang, D.; Comish, P.; Kang, R. (2020).
"The hallmarks of COVID-19 disease" . PLOS Pathogens . 16 (5): e1008536.
doi :
10.1371/journal.ppat.1008536 .
PMC
7244094 .
PMID
32442210 . {{
cite journal }}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link )
Madabhavi, I.; Sarkar, M.; Kadakol, N. (2020).
"COVID-19: A review" . Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease = Archivio Monaldi per le Malattie del Torace . 90 (2).
doi :
10.4081/monaldi.2020.1298 .
PMID
32498503 .
S2CID
219328789 .
Sifuentes-Rodríguez, E.; Palacios-Reyes, D. (2020).
"COVID-19: The outbreak caused by a new coronavirus" . Boletin Medico del Hospital Infantil de Mexico . 77 (2): 47–53.
PMID
32226003 .
Lauxmann, M. A.; Santucci, N. E.; Autrán-Gómez, A. M. (2020).
"The SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus and the COVID-19 Outbreak" . International Braz J Urol : Official Journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology . 46 (suppl.1): 6–18.
doi :
10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2020.S101 .
PMC
7719995 .
PMID
32549071 .
Bulut, C.; Kato, Y. (2020).
"Epidemiology of COVID-19" . Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences . 50 (SI-1): 563–570.
doi :
10.3906/sag-2004-172 .
PMC
7195982 .
PMID
32299206 .
Tiwari, R.; Dhama, K.; Sharun, K.; Iqbal Yatoo, M.; Malik, Y. S.; Singh, R.; Michalak, I.; Sah, R.; Bonilla-Aldana, D. K.; Rodriguez-Morales, A. J. (2020).
"COVID-19: Animals, veterinary and zoonotic links" . The Veterinary Quarterly . 40 (1): 169–182.
doi :
10.1080/01652176.2020.1766725 .
PMC
7755411 .
PMID
32393111 .
Wang, M.; Liao, Z. (2020).
"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: How much do we know?" . Acta Virologica . 64 (3): 288–296.
doi :
10.4149/av_2020_301 .
PMID
32985201 .
S2CID
222154691 .
Yesudhas, D.; Srivastava, A.; Gromiha, M. M. (2021).
"COVID-19 outbreak: History, mechanism, transmission, structural studies and therapeutics" . Infection . 49 (2): 199–213.
doi :
10.1007/s15010-020-01516-2 .
PMC
7472674 .
PMID
32886331 .
Santos-Sánchez, N. F.; Salas-Coronado, R. (2020).
"Origin, structural characteristics, prevention measures, diagnosis and potential drugs to prevent and COVID-19" . Medwave . 20 (8): e8037.
doi :
10.5867/medwave.2020.08.8037 .
PMID
33017386 .
S2CID
222146034 .
Ludwig, S.; Zarbock, A. (2020).
"Coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2: A Brief Overview" . Anesthesia and Analgesia . 131 (1): 93–96.
doi :
10.1213/ANE.0000000000004845 .
PMC
7173023 .
PMID
32243297 .
Halaji, M.; Farahani, A.; Ranjbar, R.; Heiat, M.; Dehkordi, F. S. (2020).
"Emerging coronaviruses: First SARS, second MERS and third SARS-CoV-2: Epidemiological updates of COVID-19" . Le Infezioni in Medicina . 28 (suppl 1): 6–17.
PMID
32532933 .
Ciotti, M.; Ciccozzi, M.; Terrinoni, A.; Jiang, W. C.; Wang, C. B.; Bernardini, S. (2020).
"The COVID-19 pandemic" . Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences . 57 (6): 365–388.
doi :
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doi :
10.1038/s41564-020-0709-x .
PMC
7186216 .
PMID
32341570 . - seems tangential but worth a more thorough read
Parthasarathy, P.; Vivekanandan, S. (2021).
"An extensive study on the COVID-19 pandemic, an emerging global crisis: Risks, transmission, impacts and mitigation" . Journal of Infection and Public Health . 14 (2): 249–259.
doi :
10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.020 .
PMC
7834610 .
PMID
33493922 .
Golke, A.; Piekarska, K.; Dzieciątkowski, T. (2020).
"Coronaviruses - a new old menace" . Postepy Biochemii . 66 (4): 303–308.
PMID
33470077 . - no full text
Rzymski, P.; Kulus, M.; Jankowski, M.; Dompe, C.; Bryl, R.; Petitte, J. N.; Kempisty, B.; Mozdziak, P. (2021).
"COVID-19 Pandemic is a Call to Search for Alternative Protein Sources as Food and Feed: A Review of Possibilities" . Nutrients . 13 (1): 150.
doi :
10.3390/nu13010150 .
PMC
7830574 .
PMID
33466241 .
Rajeev, R.; Prathiviraj, R.; Kiran, G. S.; Selvin, J. (2020).
"Zoonotic evolution and implications of microbiome in viral transmission and infection" . Virus Research . 290 : 198175.
doi :
10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198175 .
PMC
7524452 .
PMID
33007342 .
Singh, D.; Yi, S. V. (2021).
"On the origin and evolution of SARS-CoV-2" . Experimental & Molecular Medicine . 53 (4): 537–547.
doi :
10.1038/s12276-021-00604-z .
PMC
8050477 .
PMID
33864026 .
Latif, A. A.; Mukaratirwa, S. (2020).
"Zoonotic origins and animal hosts of coronaviruses causing human disease pandemics: A review" . The Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research . 87 (1): e1–e9.
doi :
10.4102/ojvr.v87i1.1895 .
PMC
7756848 .
PMID
33354975 .
Ezzikouri, S.; Nourlil, J.; Benjelloun, S.; Kohara, M.; Tsukiyama-Kohara, K. (2020).
"Coronavirus disease 2019-Historical context, virology, pathogenesis, immunotherapy, and vaccine development" . Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics . 16 (12): 2992–3000.
doi :
10.1080/21645515.2020.1787068 .
PMC
8641599 .
PMID
32755425 .
Knight, T. E. (2020).
"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Clinical Overview and Primer" . Biopreservation and Biobanking . 18 (6): 492–502.
doi :
10.1089/bio.2020.0066 .
PMID
32726140 .
S2CID
220876935 .
Platto, S.; Xue, T.; Carafoli, E. (2020).
"COVID19: An announced pandemic" . Cell Death & Disease . 11 (9): 799.
doi :
10.1038/s41419-020-02995-9 .
PMC
7513903 .
PMID
32973152 .
Welsby, P. D. (2020).
"A personal historical perspective of HIV" . Postgraduate Medical Journal . 96 (1137): 408–411.
doi :
10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137828 .
PMID
32371403 .
S2CID
218521204 . and Welsby, P. D. (2020).
"Personal historical perspective of HIV: Part 11" . Postgraduate Medical Journal . 96 (1137): 417–421.
doi :
10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137923 .
PMID
32527757 .
S2CID
219605628 . - not sure how relevant this might be (hence worth a read); the author is now retired but previously worked at the University of Edinburgh and has apparently dealt with AIDS [
https://www.struckonmedicine.co.uk/about}} , so might be a useful source.
Roychoudhury, S.; Das, A.; Jha, N. K.; Kesari, K. K.; Roychoudhury, S.; Jha, S. K.; Kosgi, R.; Choudhury, A. P.; Lukac, N.; Madhu, N. R.; Kumar, D.; Slama, P. (2021).
"Viral pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and male reproductive health" . Open Biology . 11 (1): 200347.
doi :
10.1098/rsob.200347 .
PMC
7881178 .
PMID
33465325 .
Saleemi, M. A.; Ahmad, B.; Benchoula, K.; Vohra, M. S.; Mea, H. J.; Chong, P. P.; Palanisamy, N. K.; Wong, E. H. (2020).
"Emergence and molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV to target host cells and potential therapeutics" . Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases . 85 : 104583.
doi :
10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104583 .
PMC
7536551 .
PMID
33035643 .
Ravelomanantsoa NAF; Guth, S.; Andrianiaina, A.; Andry, S.; Gentles, A.; Ranaivoson, H. C.; Brook, C. E. (2020).
"The zoonotic potential of bat-borne coronaviruses" . Emerging Topics in Life Sciences . 4 (4): 353–369.
doi :
10.1042/ETLS20200097 .
PMID
33258903 .
S2CID
227242723 .
Al-Eitan, L. N.; Tarkhan, A. H.; Alghamdi, M. A.; Marston, D. A.; Wu, G.; McElhinney, L. M.; Brown, I. H.; Fooks, A. R. (2020).
"Bat-Borne Coronaviruses in Jordan and Saudi Arabia: A Threat to Public Health?" . Viruses . 12 (12): 1413.
doi :
10.3390/v12121413 .
PMC
7764733 .
PMID
33316899 .
Hasana, S.; Hossain, M. F.; Jalouli, M.; Kabir, M. T.; Uddin, M. G.; Wahed MII; Behl, T.; Bin-Jumah, M. N.; Abdel-Daim, M. M.; Aleya, L.; Uddin, M. S. (2021).
"Genetic Diversity of SARS-CoV2 and Environmental Settings: Possible Association with Neurological Disorders" . Molecular Neurobiology . 58 (5): 1917–1931.
doi :
10.1007/s12035-020-02239-z .
PMC
7786338 .
PMID
33404977 .
Diaz-Salazar, C.; Sun, J. C. (2020).
"Natural killer cell responses to emerging viruses of zoonotic origin" . Current Opinion in Virology . 44 : 97–111.
doi :
10.1016/j.coviro.2020.07.003 .
PMC
7415341 .
PMID
32784125 .
Mohsin, H.; Asif, A.; Fatima, M.; Rehman, Y. (2021).
"Potential role of viral metagenomics as a surveillance tool for the early detection of emerging novel pathogens" . Archives of Microbiology . 203 (3): 865–872.
doi :
10.1007/s00203-020-02105-5 .
PMC
7656497 .
PMID
33175192 .
Qi, Z.; Yu, Y. (2020).
"Epidemiological Features of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in China" . Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry . 20 (13): 1137–1140.
doi :
10.2174/1568026620999200511094117 .
PMID
32394842 .
S2CID
218600714 .
Mohammadpour, R.; Champour, M.; Tuteja, F.; Mostafavi, E. (2020).
"Zoonotic implications of camel diseases in Iran" . Veterinary Medicine and Science . 6 (3): 359–381.
doi :
10.1002/vms3.239 .
PMC
7397890 .
PMID
32160657 .
Poudel, U.; Subedi, D.; Pantha, S.; Dhakal, S. (2020).
"Animal coronaviruses and coronavirus disease 2019: Lesson for One Health approach" . Open Veterinary Journal . 10 (3): 239–251.
doi :
10.4314/ovj.v10i3.1 .
PMC
7703617 .
PMID
33282694 .
Ochani, R.; Asad, A.; Yasmin, F.; Shaikh, S.; Khalid, H.; Batra, S.; Sohail, M. R.; Mahmood, S. F.; Ochani, R.; Hussham Arshad, M.; Kumar, A.; Surani, S. (2021).
"COVID-19 pandemic: From origins to outcomes. A comprehensive review of viral pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, and management" . Le Infezioni in Medicina . 29 (1): 20–36.
PMID
33664170 .
Chen, X.; Kang, Y.; Luo, J.; Pang, K.; Xu, X.; Wu, J.; Li, X.; Jin, S. (2021).
"Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals the Progression of COVID-19" . Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology . 11 : 632490.
doi :
10.3389/fcimb.2021.632490 .
PMC
7991797 .
PMID
33777844 .
Liu, W. Y.; Chuang, Y. C.; Liu, T. J.; Chien, C. W.; Tung, T. H. (2021).
"Insights from the comparisons of SARS-CoV and COVID-19 outbreaks: The evidence-based experience of epidemic prevention in China" . Medicine . 100 (6): e24650.
doi :
10.1097/MD.0000000000024650 .
PMID
33578592 .
S2CID
231909158 .
Ba Abduallah, M. M.; Hemida, M. G. (2021).
"Comparative analysis of the genome structure and organization of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) 2012 to 2019 revealing evidence for virus strain barcoding, zoonotic transmission, and selection pressure" . Reviews in Medical Virology . 31 (1): 1–12.
doi :
10.1002/rmv.2150 .
PMC
7461035 .
PMID
32803835 .
Sharun, K.; Dhama, K.; Pawde, A. M.; Gortázar, C.; Tiwari, R.; Bonilla-Aldana, D. K.; Rodriguez-Morales, A. J.; de la Fuente, J.; Michalak, I.; Attia, Y. A. (2021).
"SARS-CoV-2 in animals: Potential for unknown reservoir hosts and public health implications" . The Veterinary Quarterly . 41 (1): 181–201.
doi :
10.1080/01652176.2021.1921311 .
PMC
8128218 .
PMID
33892621 .
Prince, T.; Smith, S. L.; Radford, A. D.; Solomon, T.; Hughes, G. L.; Patterson, E. I. (2021).
"SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Animals: Reservoirs for Reverse Zoonosis and Models for Study" . Viruses . 13 (3): 494.
doi :
10.3390/v13030494 .
PMC
8002747 .
PMID
33802857 .
Peacock, T. P.; Penrice-Randal, R.; Hiscox, J. A.; Barclay, W. S. (2021).
"SARS-CoV-2 one year on: Evidence for ongoing viral adaptation" . The Journal of General Virology . 102 (4).
doi :
10.1099/jgv.0.001584 .
PMC
8290271 .
PMID
33855951 .
Saviñon-Flores, F.; Méndez, E.; López-Castaños, M.; Carabarin-Lima, A.; López-Castaños, K. A.; González-Fuentes, M. A.; Méndez-Albores, A. (2021).
"A Review on SERS-Based Detection of Human Virus Infections: Influenza and Coronavirus" . Biosensors . 11 (3): 66.
doi :
10.3390/bios11030066 .
PMC
7997427 .
PMID
33670852 .
Sun, J.; He, W. T.; Wang, L.; Lai, A.; Ji, X.; Zhai, X.; Li, G.; Suchard, M. A.; Tian, J.; Zhou, J.; Veit, M.; Su, S. (2020).
"COVID-19: Epidemiology, Evolution, and Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives" . Trends in Molecular Medicine . 26 (5): 483–495.
doi :
10.1016/j.molmed.2020.02.008 .
PMC
7118693 .
PMID
32359479 .
Chen, Y.; Liu, Q.; Guo, D. (2020).
"Emerging coronaviruses: Genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis" . Journal of Medical Virology . 92 (4): 418–423.
doi :
10.1002/jmv.25681 .
PMC
7167049 .
PMID
31967327 .
Hui DSC; Zumla, A. (2019).
"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Historical, Epidemiologic, and Clinical Features" . Infectious Disease Clinics of North America . 33 (4): 869–889.
doi :
10.1016/j.idc.2019.07.001 .
PMC
7127569 .
PMID
31668196 .
Gupta, P.; Goyal, K.; Kanta, P.; Ghosh, A.; Singh, M. P. (2019).
"Novel 2019-coronavirus on new year's Eve" . Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology . 37 (4): 459–477.
doi :
10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_20_54 .
PMC
7836853 .
PMID
32436867 . {{
cite journal }}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link ) - very early report, might not be really helpful
Do Vale, B.; Lopes, A. P.; Fontes MDC; Silvestre, M.; Cardoso, L.; Coelho, A. C. (2021).
"Bats, pangolins, minks and other animals - villains or victims of SARS-CoV-2?" . Veterinary Research Communications . 45 (1): 1–19.
doi :
10.1007/s11259-021-09787-2 .
PMC
7813668 .
PMID
33464439 .
Olival, K. J.; et al. (2020).
"Possibility for reverse zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to free-ranging wildlife: A case study of bats" . PLOS Pathogens . 16 (9): e1008758.
doi :
10.1371/journal.ppat.1008758 .
PMC
7470399 .
PMID
32881980 . {{
cite journal }}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link )
Da Silva, P. G.; Mesquita, J. R.; de São José Nascimento M; Ferreira VAM (2021).
"Viral, host and environmental factors that favor anthropozoonotic spillover of coronaviruses: An opinionated review, focusing on SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2" . The Science of the Total Environment . 750 : 141483.
Bibcode :
2021ScTEn.750n1483D .
doi :
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141483 .
PMC
7405882 .
PMID
32829257 .
Bonilla-Aldana, D. K.; Jimenez-Diaz, S. D.; Arango-Duque, J. S.; Aguirre-Florez, M.; Balbin-Ramon, G. J.; Paniz-Mondolfi, A.; Suárez, J. A.; Pachar, M. R.; Perez-Garcia, L. A.; Delgado-Noguera, L. A.; Sierra, M. A.; Muñoz-Lara, F.; Zambrano, L. I.; Rodriguez-Morales, A. J. (2021).
"Bats in ecosystems and their Wide spectrum of viral infectious potential threats: SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging viruses" . International Journal of Infectious Diseases : Ijid : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases . 102 : 87–96.
doi :
10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.050 .
PMC
7440229 .
PMID
32829048 .
Sharun, K.; Tiwari, R.; Natesan, S.; Dhama, K. (2021).
"SARS-CoV-2 infection in farmed minks, associated zoonotic concerns, and importance of the One Health approach during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic" . The Veterinary Quarterly . 41 (1): 50–60.
doi :
10.1080/01652176.2020.1867776 .
PMC
7833041 .
PMID
33349165 .
Irving, A. T.; Ahn, M.; Goh, G.; Anderson, D. E.; Wang, L. F. (2021).
"Lessons from the host defences of bats, a unique viral reservoir" . Nature . 589 (7842): 363–370.
Bibcode :
2021Natur.589..363I .
doi :
10.1038/s41586-020-03128-0 .
PMID
33473223 .
S2CID
231665615 .
Sohrab, S. S.; Suhail, M.; Kamal, M. A.; Ahmad, F.; Azhar, E. I. (2020).
"The Emergence of Human Pathogenic Coronaviruses: Lectins as Antivirals for SARS-CoV-2" . Current Pharmaceutical Design . 26 (41): 5286–5292.
doi :
10.2174/1381612826666200821120409 .
PMID
32954998 .
S2CID
221828425 .
Gentles, A. D.; Guth, S.; Rozins, C.; Brook, C. E. (2020).
"A review of mechanistic models of viral dynamics in bat reservoirs for zoonotic disease" . Pathogens and Global Health . 114 (8): 407–425.
doi :
10.1080/20477724.2020.1833161 .
PMC
7759253 .
PMID
33185145 .
El-Sayed, A.; Kamel, M. (2021).
"Coronaviruses in humans and animals: The role of bats in viral evolution" . Environmental Science and Pollution Research International . 28 (16): 19589–19600.
doi :
10.1007/s11356-021-12553-1 .
PMC
7924989 .
PMID
33655480 .
Sharma, A.; Ahmad Farouk, I.; Lal, S. K. (2021).
"COVID-19: A Review on the Novel Coronavirus Disease Evolution, Transmission, Detection, Control and Prevention" . Viruses . 13 (2): 202.
doi :
10.3390/v13020202 .
PMC
7911532 .
PMID
33572857 .
To, K. K.; Sridhar, S.; Chiu, K. H.; Hung, D. L.; Li, X.; Hung, I. F.; Tam, A. R.; Chung, T. W.; Chan, J. F.; Zhang, A. J.; Cheng, V. C.; Yuen, K. Y. (2021).
"Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic" . Emerging Microbes & Infections . 10 (1): 507–535.
doi :
10.1080/22221751.2021.1898291 .
PMC
8006950 .
PMID
33666147 .
Hui, D. S.; Zumla, A.; Tang, J. W. (2021).
"Lethal zoonotic coronavirus infections of humans - comparative phylogenetics, epidemiology, transmission, and clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019, the Middle East respiratory syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome" . Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine . 27 (3): 146–154.
doi :
10.1097/MCP.0000000000000774 .
PMID
33660619 .
S2CID
232113551 .
Nature:
covid AND origin (limited to reviews: 109 results total, 7 retained before filtering for duplicates)
Kumar, Prem; Sobhanan, Jeladhara; Takano, Yuta; Biju, Vasudevanpillai (2021).
"Molecular recognition in the infection, replication, and transmission of COVID-19-causing SARS-CoV-2: An emerging interface of infectious disease, biological chemistry, and nanoscience" . NPG Asia Materials . 13 : 14.
Bibcode :
2021npjAM..13...14K .
doi :
10.1038/s41427-020-00275-8 .
S2CID
231811596 .
Singh, Devika; Yi, Soojin V. (2021).
"On the origin and evolution of SARS-CoV-2" . Experimental & Molecular Medicine . 53 (4): 537–547.
doi :
10.1038/s12276-021-00604-z .
PMC
8050477 .
PMID
33864026 .
v'Kovski, Philip; Kratzel, Annika; Steiner, Silvio; Stalder, Hanspeter; Thiel, Volker (2021).
"Coronavirus biology and replication: Implications for SARS-CoV-2" . Nature Reviews Microbiology . 19 (3): 155–170.
doi :
10.1038/s41579-020-00468-6 .
PMC
7592455 .
PMID
33116300 .
Jones, Jennifer E.; Le Sage, Valerie; Lakdawala, Seema S. (2021).
"Viral and host heterogeneity and their effects on the viral life cycle" . Nature Reviews Microbiology . 19 (4): 272–282.
doi :
10.1038/s41579-020-00449-9 .
PMC
7537587 .
PMID
33024309 .
Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2020).
"The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: Classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2" . Nature Microbiology . 5 (4): 536–544.
doi :
10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z .
PMC
7095448 .
PMID
32123347 .
Letko, Michael; Seifert, Stephanie N.; Olival, Kevin J.; Plowright, Raina K.; Munster, Vincent J. (2020).
"Bat-borne virus diversity, spillover and emergence" . Nature Reviews Microbiology . 18 (8): 461–471.
doi :
10.1038/s41579-020-0394-z .
PMC
7289071 .
PMID
32528128 .
Reviews in Medical Virology:
Rokni, Mohsen; Ghasemi, Vida; Tavakoli, Zahra (2020).
"Immune responses and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 during an outbreak in Iran: Comparison with SARS and MERS" . Reviews in Medical Virology . 30 (3): e2107.
doi :
10.1002/rmv.2107 .
ISSN
1099-1654 .
PMC
7235481 .
PMID
32267987 .
Rafiq, Danish; Batool, Asiya; Bazaz, M. A. (2020).
"Three months of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis" . Reviews in Medical Virology . 30 (4): e2113.
doi :
10.1002/rmv.2113 .
ISSN
1099-1654 .
PMC
7267122 .
PMID
32420674 .
Khan, Muhammad Muzamil; Noor, Amna; Madni*, Asadullah; Shafiq, Mudassir (2020).
"Emergence of novel coronavirus and progress toward treatment and vaccine" . Reviews in Medical Virology . 30 (4): e2116.
doi :
10.1002/rmv.2116 .
ISSN
1099-1654 .
PMC
7300813 .
PMID
32495979 .
Buonaguro, Franco M.; Ascierto, Paolo A.; Morse, Gene D.; Buonaguro, Luigi; Puzanov, Igor; Tornesello, Maria Lina; Bréchot, Christian; Gallo, Robert C. (2020).
"Covid-19: Time for a paradigm change" . Reviews in Medical Virology . 30 (5): e2134.
doi :
10.1002/rmv.2134 .
ISSN
1099-1654 .
PMC
7361272 .
PMID
32618072 .
Tan, Heng Wee; Xu, Yan-Ming; Lau, Andy T. Y. (2020).
"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: The old door for new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection" . Reviews in Medical Virology . 30 (5): e2122.
doi :
10.1002/rmv.2122 .
ISSN
1099-1654 .
PMC
7361198 .
PMID
32602627 .
Shah, Niyati; Davariya, Vipul; Gupta, Sanjeev K.; Gajjar, Pankaj; Parmar, Jitendra; D'Cruz, Lancelot (2020).
"Review: An insight into coronaviruses: Challenges, security and scope" . Reviews in Medical Virology . 30 (6): e2138.
doi :
10.1002/rmv.2138 .
ISSN
1099-1654 .
PMC
7435549 .
PMID
32754974 .
Abduallah, Mohamed M. Ba; Hemida, Maged Gomaa (2021).
"Comparative analysis of the genome structure and organization of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) 2012 to 2019 revealing evidence for virus strain barcoding, zoonotic transmission, and selection pressure" . Reviews in Medical Virology . 31 (1): e2150.
doi :
10.1002/rmv.2150 .
ISSN
1099-1654 .
PMC
7461035 .
PMID
32803835 .
Wu, Zhonglan; Harrich, David; Li, Zhongyang; Hu, Dongsheng; Li, Dongsheng (2021).
"The unique features of SARS-CoV-2 transmission: Comparison with SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus" . Reviews in Medical Virology . 31 (2): e2171.
doi :
10.1002/rmv.2171 .
ISSN
1099-1654 .
PMC
7537046 .
PMID
33350025 .
Lancet
[2] (196 results, 2 retained)
Osuchowski, Marcin F.; Winkler, Martin S.; Skirecki, Tomasz; Cajander, Sara; Shankar-Hari, Manu; Lachmann, Gunnar; Monneret, Guillaume; Venet, Fabienne; Bauer, Michael; Brunkhorst, Frank M.; et al. (2021-05-06).
"The COVID-19 puzzle: deciphering pathophysiology and phenotypes of a new disease entity" . The Lancet Respiratory Medicine . 9 (6): 622–642.
doi :
10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00218-6 .
ISSN
2213-2600 .
PMC
8102044 .
PMID
33965003 .
Li, Liming; Wang, Kean; Chen, Zhuo; Koplan, Jeffrey P. (2021-04-08).
"US–China health exchange and collaboration following COVID-19" . The Lancet . 397 (10291): 2304–2308.
doi :
10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00734-0 .
ISSN
0140-6736 .
PMC
8032253 .
PMID
33838723 . - viewpoint, will have to judge this more thoroughly
Covid and conspiracy theories
covid AND conspiracy AND origin (not filtered for article type) (17 results, 4 retained)
Atehortua, Nelson A.; Patino, Stella (2021-04-15).
"COVID-19, a tale of two pandemics: novel coronavirus and fake news messaging" . Health Promotion International . 36 (2): 524–534.
doi :
10.1093/heapro/daaa140 .
ISSN
1460-2245 .
PMC
7928890 .
PMID
33450022 .
Tyshkovskiy, Alexander; Panchin, Alexander Y. (May 2021).
"There is no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 laboratory origin: Response to Segreto and Deigin (DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000240)" . BioEssays: News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology . 43 (5): e2000325.
doi :
10.1002/bies.202000325 .
ISSN
1521-1878 .
PMC
8250263 .
PMID
33751609 . - this is a reply to the paper by Deigin and Segretto, which was published in the same journal. Of course, that paper is not useable as a serious source because it literally argues for a now debunked conspiracy theory...
Zhou, Peng; Yang, Xing-Lou; Wang, Xian-Guang; Hu, Ben; Zhang, Lei; Zhang, Wei; Si, Hao-Rui; Zhu, Yan; Li, Bei; Huang, Chao-Lin; et al. (March 2020).
"A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin" . Nature . 579 (7798): 270–273.
Bibcode :
2020Natur.579..270Z .
doi :
10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7 .
ISSN
1476-4687 .
PMC
7095418 .
PMID
32015507 . [this is the original paper on this coronavirus] - these two cited in the above
Boni, Maciej F.; Lemey, Philippe; Jiang, Xiaowei; Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk; Perry, Blair W.; Castoe, Todd A.; Rambaut, Andrew; Robertson, David L. (November 2020).
"Evolutionary origins of the SARS-CoV-2 sarbecovirus lineage responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic" . Nature Microbiology . 5 (11): 1408–1417.
doi :
10.1038/s41564-020-0771-4 .
ISSN
2058-5276 .
PMID
32724171 .
S2CID
214793698 .
Ciotti, Marco; Ciccozzi, Massimo; Terrinoni, Alessandro; Jiang, Wen-Can; Wang, Cheng-Bin; Bernardini, Sergio (September 2020).
"The COVID-19 pandemic" . Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences . 57 (6): 365–388.
doi :
10.1080/10408363.2020.1783198 .
ISSN
1549-781X .
PMID
32645276 .
S2CID
220473322 .
Machhi, Jatin; Herskovitz, Jonathan; Senan, Ahmed M.; Dutta, Debashis; Nath, Barnali; Oleynikov, Maxim D.; Blomberg, Wilson R.; Meigs, Douglas D.; Hasan, Mahmudul; Patel, Milankumar; Kline, Peter; Chang, Raymond Chuen-Chung; Chang, Linda; Gendelman, Howard E.; Kevadiya, Bhavesh D. (September 2020).
"The Natural History, Pathobiology, and Clinical Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infections" . Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology: The Official Journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology . 15 (3): 359–386.
doi :
10.1007/s11481-020-09944-5 .
ISSN
1557-1904 .
PMC
7373339 .
PMID
32696264 .
"genetic%20engineering"&filter=pubt.review&filter=pubt.systematicreview&filter=journalcategory.medline&page=4 covid AND "genetic engineering" (39 results, 5 retained) [most of these do not seem to make much mention of genetic engineering, or it might be in an entirely different context than to the conspiracy theory]
Ahn, Dae-Gyun; Shin, Hye-Jin; Kim, Mi-Hwa; Lee, Sunhee; Kim, Hae-Soo; Myoung, Jinjong; Kim, Bum-Tae; Kim, Seong-Jun (2020-03-28).
"Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)" . Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology . 30 (3): 313–324.
doi :
10.4014/jmb.2003.03011 .
ISSN
1738-8872 .
PMID
32238757 .
S2CID
214767346 .
Zacchigna, Serena; Marcello, Alessandro; Banks, Lawrence (September 2020).
"Spotlight on COVID-19: from biology to therapy and prevention" . The FEBS Journal . 287 (17): 3606–3608.
doi :
10.1111/febs.15530 .
ISSN
1742-4658 .
PMID
33448629 .
S2CID
221528026 .
Araf, Yusha; Faruqui, Nairita Ahsan; Anwar, Saeed; Hosen, Mohammad Jakir (January 2021).
"SARS-CoV-2: a new dimension to our understanding of coronaviruses" . International Microbiology: The Official Journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology . 24 (1): 19–24.
doi :
10.1007/s10123-020-00152-y .
ISSN
1618-1905 .
PMC
7684150 .
PMID
33231780 .
Khan, Suliman; Tombuloglu, Huseyin; Hassanein, Sameh E.; Rehman, Suriya; Bozkurt, Ayhan; Cevik, Emre; Abdel-Ghany, Shaimaa; Nabi, Ghulam; Ali, Ashaq; Sabit, Hussein (2020-11-05).
"Coronavirus diseases 2019: Current biological situation and potential therapeutic perspective" . European Journal of Pharmacology . 886 : 173447.
doi :
10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173447 .
ISSN
1879-0712 .
PMC
7403098 .
PMID
32763302 .
Khan, Fazal Mehmood; Ahmad, Tauseef; Gulistan, Muhammad; Chammam, Wathek; Khan, Muhammad; Hui, Jin (2021-05-04).
"Epidemiology of coronaviruses, genetics, vaccines, and scenario of current pandemic of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19): a fuzzy set approach" . Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics . 17 (5): 1296–1303.
doi :
10.1080/21645515.2020.1798697 .
ISSN
2164-554X .
PMC
8078768 .
PMID
33720797 . - no full text as far as I can see
Other (linked papers, similar content, ...)
Thoradeniya, T.; Jayasinghe, S. (2021).
"COVID-19 and future pandemics: A global systems approach and relevance to SDGS" . Globalization and Health . 17 (1): 59.
doi :
10.1186/s12992-021-00711-6 .
PMC
8139540 .
PMID
34020654 . {{
cite journal }}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link )
Andersen, Kristian G.; Rambaut, Andrew; Lipkin, W. Ian; Holmes, Edward C.; Garry, Robert F. (April 2020).
"The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2" . Nature Medicine . 26 (4): 450–452.
doi :
10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9 .
ISSN
1546-170X .
PMC
7095063 .
PMID
32284615 . (given the number of times this is cited...)
Umakanthan, S.; Sahu, P.; Ranade, A. V.; Bukelo, M. M.; Rao, J. S.; Abrahao-Machado, L. F.; Dahal, S.; Kumar, H.; Kv, D. (2020).
"Origin, transmission, diagnosis and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)" . Postgraduate Medical Journal . 96 (1142): 753–758.
doi :
10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138234 (inactive 2022-06-26).
PMID
32563999 . {{
cite journal }}
: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2022 (
link )
Graham, R. L.; Baric, R. S. (2020).
"SARS-CoV-2: Combating Coronavirus Emergence" . Immunity . 52 (5): 734–736.
doi :
10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.016 .
PMC
7207110 .
PMID
32392464 .
Zhu, Z.; Lian, X.; Su, X.; Wu, W.; Marraro, G. A.; Zeng, Y. (2020).
"From SARS and MERS to COVID-19: A brief summary and comparison of severe acute respiratory infections caused by three highly pathogenic human coronaviruses" . Respiratory Research . 21 (1): 224.
doi :
10.1186/s12931-020-01479-w .
PMC
7450684 .
PMID
32854739 . {{
cite journal }}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link )
Adil, Md Tanveer; Rahman, Rumana; Whitelaw, Douglas; Jain, Vigyan; Al-Taan, Omer; Rashid, Farhan; Munasinghe, Aruna; Jambulingam, Periyathambi (2021).
"SARS-CoV-2 and the pandemic of COVID-19" . Postgraduate Medical Journal . 97 (1144): 110–116.
doi :
10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138386 .
PMID
32788312 .
S2CID
221124011 .
Hakim, M. S. (2021).
"SARS-CoV-2, Covid-19, and the debunking of conspiracy theories" . Reviews in Medical Virology . 31 (6): e2222.
doi :
10.1002/rmv.2222 .
PMC
7995093 .
PMID
33586302 .
Frutos, R.; Gavotte, L.; Devaux, C. A. (2021).
"Understanding the origin of COVID-19 requires to change the paradigm on zoonotic emergence from the spillover model to the viral circulation model" . Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases . 95 : 104812.
doi :
10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104812 .
PMC
7969828 .
PMID
33744401 .
To, K. K.; Sridhar, S.; Chiu, K. H.; Hung, D. L.; Li, X.; Hung, I. F.; Tam, A. R.; Chung, T. W.; Chan, J. F.; Zhang, A. J.; Cheng, V. C.; Yuen, K. Y. (2021).
"Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic" . Emerging Microbes & Infections . 10 (1): 507–535.
doi :
10.1080/22221751.2021.1898291 .
PMC
8006950 .
PMID
33666147 .
Michelitsch, A.; Wernike, K.; Ulrich, L.; Mettenleiter, T. C.; Beer, M. (2021).
"SARS-CoV-2 in animals: From potential hosts to animal models" . Advances in Virus Research . 110 : 59–102.
doi :
10.1016/bs.aivir.2021.03.004 .
ISBN
9780128246047 .
PMC
8025072 .
PMID
34353482 .
Osuchowski, M. F.; et al. (2021).
"The COVID-19 puzzle: Deciphering pathophysiology and phenotypes of a new disease entity" . The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine . 9 (6): 622–642.
doi :
10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00218-6 .
PMC
8102044 .
PMID
33965003 .
Younes, S.; Younes, N.; Shurrab, F.; Nasrallah, G. K. (2020).
"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 natural animal reservoirs and experimental models: Systematic review" . Reviews in Medical Virology . 31 (4): e2196.
doi :
10.1002/rmv.2196 .
PMC
7744864 .
PMID
33206434 .
Leitner, Thomas; Kumar, Sudhir (2020-09-01).
"Where Did SARS-CoV-2 Come From?" . Molecular Biology and Evolution . 37 (9): 2463–2464.
doi :
10.1093/molbev/msaa162 .
ISSN
1537-1719 .
PMC
7454771 .
PMID
32893295 .
The WHO report