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Otokonoko
In contemporary
Japanese culture, otokonoko (男の娘 Otoko no ko, "male daughter" or "male girl"), or otoko no musume, are men who
cross-dress as women.[1][2]
The term originated in Japanese
manga[3] and Internet culture in the 2000s, but the concept reflects a broad range of earlier traditions and examples of male
drag-wearing in Japan, such as onnagata in
kabuki theater, and in the career of cross-dressing entertainer
Akihiro Miwa. Otokonoko is a play on the word 男の子, also pronounced otokonoko and meaning "boy". Its popularity increased around 2009, with the rise of dedicated
maid cafés, fashion stores, cosmetic products, and a range of popular media in the otaku culture.[2][4] It is often combined with the
cosplay of female fictional characters by men.[1]
By extension, otokonoko is also a genre of media and fiction about cross-dressing men, aimed at a male audience. It is part of the spectrum of shōnen entertainment (targeted at young boys) and seinen entertainment (targeted at young men), and often contains erotic or romantic elements. Otokonoko characters have also begun to appear in mainstream Japanese popular entertainment such as
manga,
anime and video games.[1]
Again, reinforces the bit about sexual orientation. Also makes an addendum about gender. However, it seems to equate, not correlate, josou and cross-dressing.
"Cross-dressing is not necessarily a reflection of sexuality, as partakers may not be gays going drag or transvestites, and male homosexuals generally don’t cross-dress. Nor should the activity be associated with a serious medical or psychological condition, including gender identity disorder. Most cross-dressing men lead generally normal lives."
States that "josou" is another word for the concept. Josou on its own is definitely 女装.
States that transvestite and transgender have "loaded meanings" that don't always align with the Japanese understanding of the word otokonoko.
States "josoushi" as an alternative Japanese word without noting the kanji. I'm guessing it's 女装し, but I don't know because it didn't say that.
If it is, we can use the Japan Times article as a source.
More notably, The AERA dot article uses 女装子 as a tag right next to 男の娘. This strongly suggests that they're the same, but I don't know if it explicitly equates the two.
And (as the title implies) straight traps.
Also suggests that the popularity surge occurred in 2009, though doesn't cite any particular reason why that's the case.