Italo-Dalmatian | |
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Geographic distribution | Italy, Corsica, Croatia |
Linguistic classification | Indo-European |
Glottolog | ital1286 |
The Italo-Dalmatian languages, or Central Romance languages, are a group of Romance languages of Italy, Corsica, and, formerly, the Dalmatian Coast of Croatia.
Italo-Dalmatian can be split into: [1]
The generally accepted four branches of the Romance languages are Western Romance, Italo-Dalmatian, Sardinian and Eastern Romance. But there are other ways that the languages of Italo-Dalmation can be classified in these branches:
Based on mutual intelligibility, Dalby lists four languages: Corsican, Italian (Tuscan–Central), Neapolitan– Sicilian, and Dalmatian. [2] A more detailed account of the languages and dialects includes:
Judeo-Italian languages are varieties of Italian used by Jewish communities, between the 10th and the 20th centuries, in Italy, Corfu and Zante.
The Gallo-Italic languages and the Venetian language are considered to be Northern dialects of the Italian language, [3] but they are also considered to be Western Romance languages.
The Italian Dialects are the different linguistic varieties of Italian spoken in Italy. Although they are labelled as dialects of Italian (It. dialetti), they can also be considered as individual languages, as they can differ widely from Standard Italian. [1] They correspond to the languages classified as being Italian Romance (or Italo-Romance). They do not include the Sardinian language of the Italian island of Sardinia; due to substantial differences, it is usually classified as being seperate from other Romance languages.
The meaning of the “Italian Dialects” is not that of merely cataloguing the different linguistic varieties spoken in Italy, but instead of cataloguing the linguistic varieties spoken in Italy that are considered to be Italian in nature. But there is no absolute judge of which varieties are Italian in nature, as there is no means of creating a clear consensus. But some varieties are not considered to be Italian varieties, but are instead considered as being non-Italian varieties which are traditionally spoken in Italy. This is often the case when languages originate from outside of Italy.
The Gallo-Italic languages, and the Venetian language, are considered to be Northern Italian Dialects. [3] But they are also considered to be Western Romance languages. So it is possible to classify them as being both Western Romance and Italian Romance.
Regional Italian has a different meaning: it is the varieties of Standard Italian, which is based on the Florentine dialect of Tuscan, spoken in different Italian regions, which have had influences from the traditional local Italian dialects. So they are similar to Standard Italian except for some local influences.
There are two major groups of Italian Dialects spoken in Italy: the Northern (Settentrionale) dialects; and the Central-Southern (Centro-Meridionale) dialects. They are divided by the La Spezia–Rimini Line, which is an isogloss, a geographical line that divides the Italian dialects in terms of linguistics. It roughly follows the divide between the Italian regions of Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna. The line can also be thought as dividing the Western Romance from the Central (Italo-Dalmation) Romance, Sardinian Romance and Eastern Romance, the main four groups of Romance languages.
The Northern (Settentrionale) Italian dialects or languages are: [3]
Some other Romance languages are spoken in North Italy, but are not included in the Northern Italian Dialects, being seen as Gallic languages: [3]
Some Non-Romance languages, such as High German and Slovene varieties, are also spoken in Northern Italy. See the languages of Italy.
There are four main groups of Central-Southern (Centro-Meridionale) Italian dialects or languages:
In addition, some Gallo-Italic languages are spoken in Central-Southern Italy:
Non-Italian languages spoken in Central-Southern Italy include: Sardinian ( Sardinia); varieties of Catalan (Sardinia), Greek, Albanian and Serbo-Croatian. See languages of Italy.
Italo-Western Romance | |
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Geographic distribution | Italy, France, Iberia |
Linguistic classification | Indo-European |
Subdivisions | |
Glottolog | ital1285 |
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Italo-Western is, in some classifications, the largest branch of the Romance languages. It in comprises two of the branches of Romance languages: Italo-Dalmatian and Western Romance. It excludes the Sardinian language and Eastern Romance.
Based on mutual intelligibility, Dalby lists four languages: Corsican, Italian (Tuscan–Central), Napolitan- Sicilian, and Dalmatian. [1] [2]
The Gallo-Italic languages and the Venetian language are considered to be both Italian Romance and Western Romance languages.
Judeo-Italian languages are varieties of Italian used by Jewish communities, between the 10th and the 20th centuries, in Italy, Corfu and Zante.
Based on mutual intelligibility, Dalby lists a dozen languages: Portuguese, Spanish, Asturian-Leonese, Aragonese, Catalan, Gascon, Provençal, Gallo-Wallon, French, Franco-Provençal, Romansh, and Ladin. [1]
Gallo-Romance includes:
Gallo-Romance can include:
The Oïl languages, Arpitan and Rhaeto-Romance languages are sometimes called Gallo-Rhaetian.
The Fountain (2006) 10/10* Casino (1995) 10/10* Memento (2000) 10/10* Heat (1995) 10/10*
Like Father, Like Son (2013) 10/10 Wild (2014) 10/10 West Side Story (1961) 10/10 Carlos (2010) 10/10 The Babadook (2014) 10/10 Mr. Turner (2014) 10/10 A Bridge Too Far (1977) 10/10 The Gangs of New York (2002) 10/10 Body of Lies (2008) 10/10 The Man Who Fell to Earth (1976) 10/10 The Matrix (series) 10/10 The Conversation (1974) 10/10 Wild Tales (Relatos salvajes) (2014) 10/10 12 Years a Slave (2013) 10/10 Room (2015) 10/10 Cabaret (1972) 10/10
Les combattants (Love at First Fight) 9/10 Sideways (2004) 9/10 Suffragette (2015) 9/10 Northwest (Nordvest) (2013) 9/10 Stories We Tell (2012) 9/10 Blue Is the Warmest Color (La vie d'Adèle) (2013) 9/10 Tangerines (Mandariinid) (2013) 9/10 The Kids Are All Right (2010) 9/10 The King of Comedy (1983) 9/10 Young Guns II (1990) 9/10 Sexy Beast (2000) 9/10 Poetry (Shi) (2010) 9/10 The Warrior (2001) 9/10 Monty Python's Life of Brian (1979) 9/10 The Addams Family (1991) 9/10 Intruders (2011) 9/10 Rescue Dawn (2006) 9/10 Ivan's Childhood (Ivanovo detstvo) (1962) 9/10 Moneyball (2011) 9/10 Spring in a Small Town (1948) 9/10 The Others (2001) 9/10 Legend (2015) 9/10 Murder on the Orient Express (1974) 9/10 The Way Back (2010) 9/10 Café de Flore (2011) 9/10 Lost in Translation (2003) 9/10
Four Corners (2013) 8/10 God's Pocket (2014) 8/10 The Company Men (2010) 8/10 Anna (Mindscape) (2013) 8/10 Red State (2011) 8/10 Concussion (2015) 8/10 Labyrinth (1986) 8/10 Venus in Fur (La Vénus à la fourrure) (2013) 8/10 The Survivalist (2015) 8/10 Our Brand Is Crisis (2015) 8/10 What Doesn't Kill You (2008) 8/10 The Second Mother (2015) 8/10 Blood Diamond (2006) 8/10 The Iceman (2012) 8/10 Long Way North (Tout en haut du monde) (2015) 8/10 Theeb (2014) 8/10 The Players (Les infidèles) (2012) 8/10 Solaris (1972) 8/10 Stalker (1979) 8/10 A Field in England (2013) 8/10 The Brand New Testament (Le Tout Nouveau Testament) (2015) 8/10 Tokyo Tribe (2014) 8/10 Deliverance (1972) 8/10 The Fighter (2010) 7/10 Moon (2009) 8/10
Dredd (2012) 7/10 The Negotiator (1998) 7/10 Rear Window (1954) 7/10 Exit (Hui guang zoumingqu) (2014) 7/10 Battle for Sevastopol (Bitva za Sevastopol) (2015) 7/10 Patriot Games 7/10 The Big Lebowski (1998) 7/10 The Imitation Game (2014) 7/10 Mary, Queen of Scots (1971) 7/10 Stations of the Cross (Kreuzweg) (2014) 7/10 The Two Faces of January (2014) 7/10 Stonehearst Asylum (2014) 7/10 Me and You (Io e te) (2012) 7/10 The Man Who Knew Infinity (2015) 7/10 Paradise: Hope (2013) 7/10 The Number 23 (2007) 7/10 The Commune (Kollektivet) (2016) 7/10 Poltergeist (1982) 7/10 Chef (2017) 7/10 The Book Thief (2013) 7/10 Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia (1974) 7/10 The Deep (Djúpið) (2012) 7/10 Bullhead (2011) 7/10
Dallas Buyers Club (2013) 6/10 The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (2013) 6/10 In the Heart of the Sea (2015) 6/10 Solomon Kane (2009) 6/10 The Train (1964) 6/10 A Time to Kill (1996) 6/10 Macbeth (2015) 6/10 Shame (2011) 6/10 The Andromeda Strain (1971) 6/10 Thor (2011) 6/10 State and Main (2000) 6/10 Summertime (La Belle Saison) (2015) 6/10 10 Cloverfield Lane (2016) 6/10 Lesson of the Evil (2012) 6/10 The Physician (2013) 6/10 The Danish Girl (2015) 6/10 Bronson (2008) 6/10 The Burning (El Ardor) (2014) 6/10 The Devil's Advocate (1997) 6/10 The Forgotten Kingdom (2013) 6/10 SA film Gentlemen (2014) 6/10 When Animals Dream (2014) 6/10 Eyes Without a Face (1960) 6/10 Things to Come (L'Avenir) (2016) 6/10 Vertical Limit (2000) 6/10 The Autopsy of Jane Doe (2016) 6/10 Arrival (2016) 6/10 Valley of Love (2015) 6/10 Casa Grande (2014) 6/10 Airplane! (1980) 6/10 Carrie (1976) 6/10
Our Little Sister (2015) 5/10 A Series of Unfortunate Events (2004) 5/10 The 36th Chamber of Shaolin 5/10 The Desert Fox: The Story of Rommel (1951) 5/10 Warsaw 44 (2014) 5/10 The Entity (1982) 5/10 Garden State (2004) 5/10 Beauty and the Beast (2017) 5/10 Once Upon a Time in the West (1968) 5/10 The Raid 2 (2014) 5/10 Trance (2013) 5/10
Crimson Peak (2015) 4/10 Hail, Caesar! (2016) 4/10 Wuthering Heights (1992) 4/10 8 1/2 (1963) 4/10 Boy Meets Girl (1984) 4/10
Part:
Stoker (2013) Boyhood (2014) Cub (Welp) (2014) Thunderball (1965) Nostalgia (1983) D-Day the Sixth of June (1956)
Other:
Brother (2000) King Charles III (2017) 7/10
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014)