| Uveitis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Inflammation of the eye and keratic precipitates due to uveitis | |
| Pronunciation | |
| Specialty | Ophthalmology |
| Symptoms | Blurry vision, floaters, eye pain, red eye, sensitivity to light [1] |
| Complications | Vision loss, glaucoma [1] [2] |
| Usual onset | Sudden [1] |
| Types | Anterior, intermediate, posterior [1] |
| Causes | Infection:
Cytomegalovirus,
histoplasmosis,
shingles,
toxoplasmosis
[1] Autoimmune: Behcet’s disease, psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, lupus [1] |
| Risk factors | Cigarette smoking [1] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms and eye exam [1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Retinoblastoma, lymphoma, glaucoma [2] |
| Treatment | Steroids, atropine, underlying cause [3] [2] |
| Prognosis | Usually good with treatment [3] |
| Frequency | 1 in 3,000 per year [4] |
Uveitis is inflammation inside the eye. [1] Onset is usually sudden. [1] Early symptoms include blurry vision, floaters, eye pain, red eye, and sensitivity to light. [1] One or both eyes may be affected. [1] Complications may include loss of vision and glaucoma. [1] [2]
Causes may be unknown, eye infection, or autoimmune conditions. [1] [4] Risk factors include cigarette smoking. [1] The uvea is the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. [1] It is divided into anterior, intermediate, and posterior uveitis; though in panuveitis all parts may be affected. [1] Diagnosis is based on symptoms and a dilated eye exam. [1]
Treatment is usually with steroids, most commonly as eye drops such as prednisolone. [1] [5] In severe cases steroids by mouth or by injection may be used. [5] If steroids are not effective other immunosuppressants such as methotrexate may be used. [5] Cycloplegics, such as atropine, may be used to help with pain and prevent complications. [3] In cases due to infection, specific treatment for the infection is also required. [2]
Uveitis affects about 1 in 3,000 people per year. [4] It most commonly occurs in those between the ages of 20–60; though any age may be affected. [1] Males and females are affected at similar rates. [4] It accounts for about 5-10% of vision problems globally and is the cause of up to 25% of blindness in the developing world. [4] With appropriate treatment outcomes are usually good. [3]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "Uveitis | National Eye Institute". www.nei.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
- ^ a b c d e Gueudry, J; Muraine, M (January 2018). "Anterior uveitis". Journal francais d'ophtalmologie. 41 (1): e11–e21. doi: 10.1016/j.jfo.2017.11.003. PMID 29290458.
- ^
a
b
c
d Duplechain, A; Conrady, CD; Patel, BC; Baker, S (January 2022). "Uveitis".
PMID
31082037.
{{ cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=( help) - ^ a b c d e Tsirouki, T; Dastiridou, A; Symeonidis, C; Tounakaki, O; Brazitikou, I; Kalogeropoulos, C; Androudi, S (2018). "A Focus on the Epidemiology of Uveitis". Ocular immunology and inflammation. 26 (1): 2–16. doi: 10.1080/09273948.2016.1196713. PMID 27467180.
- ^ a b c Gamalero, L; Simonini, G; Ferrara, G; Polizzi, S; Giani, T; Cimaz, R (July 2019). "Evidence-Based Treatment for Uveitis". The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ. 21 (7): 475–479. PMID 31507124.