| Restrictive cardiomyopathy | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Obliterative cardiomyopathy, infiltrative cardiomyopathy, constrictive cardiomyopathy [1] |
 | |
| Micrograph of cardiac amyloidosis, a cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy. Congo red stain. | |
| Specialty | Cardiology |
| Symptoms | Decreased ability to exercise, palpitations, shortness of breath, leg swelling [2] [3] |
| Complications | Liver failure, blood clots [2] |
| Causes | Amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis, Loeffler endocarditis, storage diseases, diabetes, scleroderma, radiation therapy, certain medications, cancer [2] |
| Diagnostic method | Electrocardiogram (ECG), ultrasound of the heart, endomyocardial biopsy [2] |
| Differential diagnosis | Constrictive pericarditis, hypertensive heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [2] |
| Treatment | Based on symptoms and the underlying cause [2] |
| Prognosis | Life expectancy 2 to 5 years [2] |
| Frequency | Rare [2] |
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a disease of heart muscle in which the ventricles do not appropriately relax and fill despite relatively normal contraction. [4] [3] Symptoms may vary from a decreased ability to exercise, to new onset atrial fibrillation, to heart failure. [2] In some sudden cardiac arrest is the first indication of the disease. [2] Other complications may include liver failure and blood clots. [2]
The most common causes are amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis, and Loeffler endocarditis. [2] Other causes include storage diseases, diabetes, scleroderma, radiation therapy, certain medications, and cancer. [2] Diagnosis may be supported by electrocardiogram (ECG), ultrasound of the heart, and endomyocardial biopsy. [2]
There is no cure. [2] Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause and measures to improve heart failure. [2] Heart failure may be treated with diuretics such as furosemide, calcium channel blockers, or beta blockers. [2] For sarcoidosis, antiarrhythmics and immunosuppressants are also commonly used. [2] Hemochromatosis may be treated with removal of blood. [2] In certain cases a heart transplant may be an option. [2]
Restrictive cardiomyopathy is relatively rare. [2] It represents about 5% of cardiomyopathy cases with the hypertrophic and dilated types being more common. [2] Life expectancy follow diagnosis is generally 2 to 5 years. [2] Cases of RCM were described in the the 1930s. [5] Cardiomyopathy; however, was not divided into its three main groups until 1961. [1]
References
- ^
a
b Hancock, EW (September 2001).
"Differential diagnosis of restrictive cardiomyopathy and constrictive pericarditis". Heart. 86 (3): 343–9.
doi:
10.1136/heart.86.3.343 (inactive 2020-05-21).
PMC
1729880.
PMID
11514495.
{{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of May 2020 ( link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Brown, KN; Pendela, VS; Diaz, RR (January 2020). "Restrictive Cardiomyopathy". StatPearls. PMID 30725919.
- ^ a b "Restrictive Cardiomyopathy - Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders". Merck Manuals Consumer Version. Archived from the original on 29 March 2015. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
- ^ Kouchoukos, Nicholas T.; Blackstone, Eugene H.; Hanley, Frank L.; Kirklin, James K. (2012). Kirklin/Barratt-Boyes Cardiac Surgery E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 803. ISBN 978-1-4557-4605-7. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2021-02-10.
- ^ Candell-Riera, J.; Ortega-Alcalde, D. (2012). Nuclear Cardiology in Everyday Practice. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-94-011-1984-9. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2021-02-10.