| Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) | |
|---|---|
| Other names | |
 | |
| Electron microscope image of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19 | |
| Specialty | Pediatrics |
| Symptoms | Fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, red eyes, rash, vomiting [5] [6] |
| Complications | Heart, lung, kidney, skin, or brain problems [6] |
| Usual onset | 2–6 weeks after COVID-19 [7] |
| Causes | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [5] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms and blood tests after ruling out other causes [8] |
| Differential diagnosis | Kawasaki disease [9] |
| Prevention | Protecting children from COVID-19 [6] |
| Management | Supportive care [8] |
| Medication | IVIG, steroids, aspirin [8] [10] |
| Prognosis | Long-term outcomes unclear [10] |
| Frequency | 1 in 3,000 after COVID-19 [10] |
| Deaths | 1 to 2% [9] |
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), also known as pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS), is a disease in children associated with COVID-19. [5] Symptoms may include ongoing fever plus abdominal pain, diarrhea, red eyes, rash, or vomiting. [5] [6] Complications may include heart, lung, kidney, skin, or brain problems. [6]
It generally occurs around 2 to 6 weeks after COVID-19. [9] [7] While it occurs more often in the obese, those affected are generally otherwise healthy. [9] Diagnosis is based on symptoms with laboratory signs of inflammation and multiple body system involvement, after ruling out other possible causes. [8] Serologic testing for prior SARS-CoV-2 may be useful. [8] Other conditions that may appear similar include Kawasaki disease. [9]
Prevention is by protecting children from COVID-19. [6] Treatment is primarily supportive care; which may include intravenous fluids, inotropes, and support of breathing. [8] In severe cases extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO) may be required. [8] IVIG, steroids, and aspirin are often used. [8] [10] About 80% of those affected require intensive care. [9]
MIS-C affects about 1 in 3,000 children infected by COVID-19. [10] Those around the age of 9 are most commonly affected. [10] In the United States it more common in Black and Hispanic children. [10] Death occurred in about 1 to 2% of cases. [9] The condition was first described in April of 2020. [10] Adults may develop a similar condition known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A). [9]
- ^ "Rapid risk assessment: Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 infection in children" (PDF). European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 15 May 2020. Archived from the original on 15 May 2020.
- ^ "Case Report Form for suspected cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) in children and adolescents temporally related to COVID-19". www.who.int. World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 24 June 2020.
- ^ Pouletty M, Borocco C, Ouldali N, et al. (June 2020). "Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 mimicking Kawasaki disease (Kawa-COVID-19): a multicentre cohort". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 79 (8): 999–1006. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217960. PMC 7299653. PMID 32527868. S2CID 219607184.
- ^ Dhar D, Dey T, Samim MM, et al. (2021). "Systemic inflammatory syndrome in COVID-19-SISCoV study: systematic review and meta-analysis". Pediatric Research. doi: 10.1038/s41390-021-01545-z. PMC 8128982. PMID 34006982.
- ^ a b c d Ahmed M, Advani S, Moreira A, et al. (September 2020). "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a systematic review". EClinicalMedicine. 26: 100527. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100527. ISSN 2589-5370. PMC 7473262. PMID 32923992. S2CID 221494176.
- ^ a b c d e f "Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 11 February 2020. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- ^ a b Henderson LA, Canna SW, Friedman KG, et al. (July 2020). "American College of Rheumatology clinical guidance for pediatric patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2 and hyperinflammation in COVID-19. Version 1". Arthritis & Rheumatology. 72 (11): 1791–1805. doi: 10.1002/art.41454. PMC 7405113. PMID 32705809.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 11 February 2020. Archived from the original on 16 December 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Children". COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines. Archived from the original on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Ten Things to Know About MIS-C". American College of Cardiology. Archived from the original on 6 January 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2022.