User:markopetek Magnetic Nanobeads

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Magnetic nanobeads

Magnetic nanobeads (also known as magnetic nanoparticle clusters, NPCs) are nanocomposite materials exhibiting magnetic properties. They are composed of a number of individual magnetic nanoparticles and have a diameter of 50–200 nanometers.^[1] Nanoparticles can be either fused by sillica or embedded in a polymer matrix.

Types of magnetic nanobeads

Ferrite magnetic nanobeads

Magnetic nanobeads with narrow size distribution consisting of superparamagnetic oxide nanoparticles (~ 80 maghemite superparamagnetic nanoparticles per bead) coated with a silica shell have several advantages over metallic nanoparticles:

Higher chemical stability (crucial for biomedical applications)
Narrow size distribution (crucial for biomedical applications)
Higher colloidal stability since they do not magnetically agglomerate
Magnetic moment can be tuned with the nanoparticle cluster size
Retained superparamagnetic properties (independent of the nanoparticle cluster size)
Silica surface enables straightforward covalent functionalization

Magnetic polymer nanobeads

For preparation of magnetic nanobeads several polymers can be used, such as PLGA, PLA^[2], dextran^[3], chitosan^[4], polyethyleneimine and polystyrene. Nanobeads can be prepared by nano-emulsion method, suspension polymerization, precipitation, etc.

Magnetic nanobeads scaffolded by DNA-binding zinc finger proteins

Biotinylated zinc finger proteins (ZnF) were conjugated to DNA templates, followed by incubation with neutravidin-conjugated nanoparticles. The sequence specificity of ZnF and programmable DNA templates enabled a size-controlled construction of nanoparticle clusters.^[5]

Applications

Nanophotonics

Superparamagnetic ferrite nanobeads with the size 80 – 150 nanometers form ordered structures along the direction of the external magnetic field with a regular interparticle spacing on the order of hundreds of nanometers resulting in strong diffraction of visible light in suspension.^[6] When an external magnetic field is applied to colloidally dispersed nanobeads the particles form one-dimensional chain-like structures that exhibit structural color. If a photocurable medium is used for the suspension of nanobeads the photonic chain structures can also be fixed in a specific area by selective UV exposure.^[7]

Medical diagnostics and treatment

Drug delivery

Biomedical imaging

References

^ Tadic, Marin; Kralj, Slavko; Jagodic, Marko; Hanzel, Darko; Makovec, Darko (December 2014). "Magnetic properties of novel superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoclusters and their peculiarity under annealing treatment". Applied Surface Science. 322: 255–264. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.09.181.
^ Balasubramaniam, Sharavanan; Kayandan, Sanem; Lin, Yin-Nian; Kelly, Deborah F.; House, Michael J.; Woodward, Robert C.; St. Pierre, Timothy G.; Riffle, Judy S.; Davis, Richey M. (18 February 2014). "Toward Design of Magnetic Nanoparticle Clusters Stabilized by Biocompatible Diblock Copolymers for T2-Weighted MRI Contrast". Langmuir. 30 (6): 1580–1587. doi: 10.1021/la403591z.
^ Su, Hongying; Liu, Yanhong; Wang, Dan; Wu, Changqiang; Xia, Chunchao; Gong, Qiyong; Song, Bin; Ai, Hua (January 2013). "Amphiphilic starlike dextran wrapped superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle clsuters as effective magnetic resonance imaging probes". Biomaterials. 34 (4): 1193–1203. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.10.056.
^ Philippova, Olga; Barabanova, Anna; Molchanov, Vyacheslav; Khokhlov, Alexei (April 2011). "Magnetic polymer beads: Recent trends and developments in synthetic design and applications". European Polymer Journal. 47 (4): 542–559. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.11.006.
^ Ryu, Yiseul; Jin, Zongwen; Lee, Joong-jae; Noh, Seung-hyun; Shin, Tae-Hyun; Jo, Seong-Min; Choi, Joonsung; Park, HyunWook; Cheon, Jinwoo; Kim, Hak-Sung (12 January 2015). "Size-Controlled Construction of Magnetic Nanoparticle Clusters Using DNA-Binding Zinc Finger Protein". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 54 (3): 923–926. doi: 10.1002/anie.201408593.
^ He, Le; Wang, Mingsheng; Ge, Jianping; Yin, Yadong (18 September 2012). "Magnetic Assembly Route to Colloidal Responsive Photonic Nanostructures". Accounts of Chemical Research. 45 (9): 1431–1440. doi: 10.1021/ar200276t.
^ Kim, Shin-Hyun; Lee, Su Yeon; Yang, Seung-Man; Yi, Gi-Ra (January 2011). "Self-assembled colloidal structures for photonics". NPG Asia Materials. 3 (1): 25–33. doi: 10.1038/asiamat.2010.192.

External links

Silica-coated iron oxide magnetic nanobeads at Nanos SCI
Magnetic polymer nanobeads at the International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory

Category:Nanotechnology Category:Nanomaterials Category:Nanoparticles Category:Magnetism

[Tadic_et_al_2014-1] Tadic, Marin; Kralj, Slavko; Jagodic, Marko; Hanzel, Darko; Makovec, Darko (December 2014). "Magnetic properties of novel superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoclusters and their peculiarity under annealing treatment". Applied Surface Science. 322: 255–264. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.09.181.

[2] Balasubramaniam, Sharavanan; Kayandan, Sanem; Lin, Yin-Nian; Kelly, Deborah F.; House, Michael J.; Woodward, Robert C.; St. Pierre, Timothy G.; Riffle, Judy S.; Davis, Richey M. (18 February 2014). "Toward Design of Magnetic Nanoparticle Clusters Stabilized by Biocompatible Diblock Copolymers for T2-Weighted MRI Contrast". Langmuir. 30 (6): 1580–1587. doi: 10.1021/la403591z.

[3] Su, Hongying; Liu, Yanhong; Wang, Dan; Wu, Changqiang; Xia, Chunchao; Gong, Qiyong; Song, Bin; Ai, Hua (January 2013). "Amphiphilic starlike dextran wrapped superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle clsuters as effective magnetic resonance imaging probes". Biomaterials. 34 (4): 1193–1203. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.10.056.

[4] Philippova, Olga; Barabanova, Anna; Molchanov, Vyacheslav; Khokhlov, Alexei (April 2011). "Magnetic polymer beads: Recent trends and developments in synthetic design and applications". European Polymer Journal. 47 (4): 542–559. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.11.006.

[5] Ryu, Yiseul; Jin, Zongwen; Lee, Joong-jae; Noh, Seung-hyun; Shin, Tae-Hyun; Jo, Seong-Min; Choi, Joonsung; Park, HyunWook; Cheon, Jinwoo; Kim, Hak-Sung (12 January 2015). "Size-Controlled Construction of Magnetic Nanoparticle Clusters Using DNA-Binding Zinc Finger Protein". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 54 (3): 923–926. doi: 10.1002/anie.201408593.

[Le_et_al_2012-6] He, Le; Wang, Mingsheng; Ge, Jianping; Yin, Yadong (18 September 2012). "Magnetic Assembly Route to Colloidal Responsive Photonic Nanostructures". Accounts of Chemical Research. 45 (9): 1431–1440. doi: 10.1021/ar200276t.

[7] Kim, Shin-Hyun; Lee, Su Yeon; Yang, Seung-Man; Yi, Gi-Ra (January 2011). "Self-assembled colloidal structures for photonics". NPG Asia Materials. 3 (1): 25–33. doi: 10.1038/asiamat.2010.192.

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