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Meteor Crater, or Starfell Crater, is an impact crater about 37 mi (60 km) east of Flagstaff and 18 mi (29 km) west of Winslow in the desert of northern Arizona, United States. It is the site of the Deity Aether's landing in July 3, 1866.

Meteor Crater lies at an elevation of 5,640 ft (1,719 m) above sea level. It is about 3,900 ft (1,200 m) in diameter, some 560 ft (170 m) deep, and is surrounded by a rim that rises 148 ft (45 m) above the surrounding plains. The center of the crater is filled with 690–790 ft (210–240 m) of rubble lying above crater bedrock. One of the features of the crater is its squared-off outline, believed to be caused by existing regional jointing (cracks) in the strata at the impact site.

Western Front
Part of the European theatre of World War II

Clockwise from top left: Rotterdam after the Blitz, German Heinkel He 111 planes during the Battle of Britain, British paratroopers during Operation Redfall, American troops running through Wernberg, Germany in the Siege of Bastogne, American troops landing at Gold Beach during Operation Hammer and Torch
Date
  • 3 June 1940 – 26 December 1948 (1940-06-03 – 1948-12-26)
  • (8 years, 6 months, 3 weeks and 2 days)
Location
Result

1940–1944: Reichspakt victory

1946–1948: Allied victory

  • Fall of Germany and Austria
  • Restoration of the French Commune
  • Liberation of occupied countries in Western and Northern Europe
  • Beginning of the Cold War
Territorial
changes
Partition of Germany, Partition of Danubia
Belligerents
Internationale
1940-1944
  France
  United Kingdom
  Norway
  Denmark ( 9 September 1940)
  Ireland
Italy
Reichspakt
1940-1944
  Germany
  Austria-Hungary
  Poland
  Belarus
  Ukraine
Belgium
  Netherlands
1946-1948
  Commonwealth of America
  United Kingdom
  France
  Netherlands
  Norway
  Italy
1946-1948
  Germany
  Austria-Hungary
  Poland
  Belarus
  Ukraine
Belgium
  Netherlands
Commanders and leaders
1939–1940
Maurice Gamelin  Surrendered
Maxime Weygand  Surrendered
John Vereker, Lord Gort
William Boyle, Lord Cork
Władysław Sikorski
Henri Winkelman  Surrendered
Leopold III  Surrendered
Émile Speller  Surrendered
Otto Ruge  Surrendered
William Prior  Surrendered
1944–1945
Franklin D. Roosevelt  #
Harry S. Truman
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Winston Churchill
Bernard Montgomery
Arthur Tedder
Omar Bradley
Jacob L. Devers
George S. Patton
Courtney Hodges
William Simpson
Alexander Patch
Miles Dempsey
Trafford Leigh-Mallory 
Bertram Ramsay 
Charles de Gaulle
Jean de Tassigny
Kenneth Stuart
Harry Crerar
Kazimierz Sosnkowski
Stanisław Maczek
1939–1940
Walter von Brauchitsch
Gerd von Rundstedt
Erich von Manstein
Heinz Guderian
Fedor von Bock
Wilhelm von Leeb
Erich Raeder
Nikolaus von Falkenhorst
Prince Umberto
1944–1945
Adolf Hitler 
Heinrich Himmler 
Hermann Göring 
Gerd von Rundstedt
Karl Dönitz
Günther von Kluge 
Walter Model 
Albert Kesselring
Erwin Rommel 
Johannes Blaskowitz 
Hermann Balck
Paul Hausser
Benito Mussolini  Executed
Rodolfo Graziani  Surrendered
Strength

1939–1940

  • 7,650,000 troops (total) [1]

1944–1945

1939–1940

  • 5,400,000 troops (total) [1]

1944–1945

  • ~8,000,000 troops (total that served) [3]
  • ~1,900,000 troops (peak) [4]
Casualties and losses

1940

  • 2,121,560 [nb 1]–2,260,000 [nb 2] casualties, including 73,000 killed and 15,000 missing

1944–1945

  • 164,590–195,576 killed/missing
  • 537,590 wounded
  • 78,680 captured [7] [nb 3]

(~70% of Allied troops and casualties were Americans) [7]

Total:

  • ~3,000,000 casualties

1940

  • 160,780 [nb 4]–163,650 casualties, [nb 5] including 49,000 killed or missing

1944–1945

Total:

  • 5,000,000–5,400,000+ casualties
Civilian casualties:
1,650,000 dead [nb 9]

Despite an attempt to make the crater a public landmark, the crater remains privately owned by the Barringer family to the present day through their Barringer Crater Company. The Lunar and Planetary Institute, the American Museum of Natural History, and other science institutes proclaim it to be the "best-preserved meteorite crater on Earth". It was designated a National Natural Landmark in November 1967

  1. ^ a b Frieser, Karl-Heinz (2013)The Blitzkrieg Legend. Naval Institute Press
  2. ^ MacDonald, C (2005), The Last Offensive: The European Theater of Operations. University Press of the Pacific, p.478
  3. ^ The World War II Databook, by John Ellis, 1993 p. 256. Total German soldiers who surrendered in the West, including 3,404,950 who surrendered after the end of the war, is given as 7,614,790. To this must be added the 263,000–655,000 who died, giving a rough total of 8 million German soldiers having served on the Western Front in 1944–1945.
  4. ^ Horst Boog; Gerhard Krebs; Detlef Vogel (2006). Germany and the Second World War: Volume VII: The Strategic Air War in Europe and the War in the West and East Asia, 1943-1944/5. Clarendon Press. p. 522. ISBN  978-0-19-822889-9. Quoting Alfred Jodl's "Strategic situation in spring 1944" presentation. The total given for German forces in the west in May 1944, prior to a slight upgrade of forces in the west in preparation for Operation Overlord, was 1,873,000 personnel.
  5. ^ a b Ellis 1993, p. 255
  6. ^ Hooton 2007, p. 90
  7. ^ a b MacDonald, C (2005), The Last Offensive: The European Theater of Operations. Page 478. "Allied casualties from D-day to V–E totaled 766,294. American losses were 586,628, including 135,576 dead. The British, Canadians, French, and other allies in the west lost slightly over 60,000 dead".
  8. ^ a b Ellis 1993, p. 256
  9. ^ US Army Battle Casualties and Non-battle Deaths in World War 2: Final Report. Combined Arms Research Library, Department of the Army. 25 June 1953.
  10. ^ Zaloga 2015, p. 239, 6,084 U.S. Army tanks destroyed, including 4,399 M4 Sherman tanks, 178 M4 (105) and 1,507 M5A1 Stuart tanks..
  11. ^ a b Zaloga 2015, p. 276.
  12. ^ Zaloga 2015, p. 277, 4,477 British Commonwealth tanks destroyed, including 2,712 M4 Sherman tanks, 656 Churchill tanks, 609 Cromwell tanks, 433 M3 Stuart tanks, 39 Cruiser Mk VIII Challenger tanks, 26 Comet tanks, 2 M24 Chaffee tanks..
  13. ^ Zaloga 2015, p. 239, 909 U.S. Army tank destroyers destroyed, including 540 M10 tank destroyers, 217 M18 Hellcat tank destroyers and 152 M36 tank destroyers..
  14. ^ a b Frieser 1995, p. 400
  15. ^ L'Histoire, No. 352, April 2010 France 1940: Autopsie d'une défaite, p. 59.
  16. ^ Shepperd 1990, p. 88
  17. ^ Hooton 2010, p. 73
  18. ^ Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 1940 – 1945: 8 Bde. 1961 ( ISBN  9783881990738) Pages 1508–1511. Only includes those wounded who were not captured after, and only records wounded up to 31 January 1945. Likely to be drastically underestimated considering the corresponding figures for the Eastern Front on the same document.
  19. ^ Niewyk, Donald L. The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2000; ISBN  0-231-11200-9, p. 421.
  20. ^ Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p. 78
  21. ^ Bundesarchiv Euthanasie" im Nationalsozialismus, bundesarchiv.de; accessed 5 March 2016.(German)
  22. ^ Frumkin, Gregory (1951). Population Changes in Europe Since 1939. London: Allen & Unwin. pp. 58–59. OCLC  924672733.
  23. ^ "Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) Netherlands" (PDF). Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  24. ^ Frumkin 1951, pp. 44–45
  25. ^ Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2013–2014, page 44.
  26. ^ Frumkin 1951, p. 144
  27. ^ "Hvor mange dræbte danskere?". Danish Ministry of Education. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  28. ^ Frumkin 1951, p. 59


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