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Physics Navbox Ideas Information

Laser Cooling Techniques

Particle beam cooling techniques

Particle Detectors

see User:Kerel-fs/sandbox/Template:Particle_detectors_navbox

This is not a Wikipedia article: It is an individual user's work-in-progress page, and may be incomplete and/or unreliable. The current/final version of this article may be located at Template:Particle detectors navbox now or in the future.

Potential reviewers

General references

Kolanoski, Hermann; Wermes, Norbert (2020). Particle Detectors: Fundamentals and Applications (1 ed.). Oxford University PressOxford. doi: 10.1093/oso/9780198858362.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-885836-2.

Single-photon detectors

see Category:Single-photon detectors

Other photon detectors

see Category:Photodetectors.

Ion Detectors

covered by Template:Mass spectrometry already.

In what elements has BEC been achieved? Information

List of atomic species with BEC realizations

(1995) Rubidium-87^[1]
(1995) Lithium-7^[2]
(1995) Sodium^[3]
(1998) spin-polarized Hydrogen^[4]
(2001) Potassium^[5]
(2001) meta-stable Helium (He*)^[6]^[7]
(2003) Caesium^[8]
(2005) Chromium^[9]
(2007) Ytterbium^[10]
(2009) Calcium^[11]
(2010) Strontium-87^[12]
(2011 Dysprosium^[13]
(2012) Erbium^[14]

List of BEC realizations in non-atomic bosons

(2010) Photons^[15]

(2011) Excitons^[16]
(2006) Exciton Polaritons^[17]
(2021) molecular Caesium^[18]

General references

"In what elements has BEC been achieved?". physics.stackexchange.com. Retrieved 2024-01-14. (The initial inspiration for this list)
"The BEC Homepage"^[19]. Between 1995 and 2003 it provided a scoreboard of experiments and compilation of publications^[20], maintained by Mark Edwards ( ORCID, "Homepage at GSU". 6 February 2024.).

Fitzgerald, Richard (2001-05-01). "Helium joins family of gaseous bose-einstein condensates". Physics Today. 54 (5): 13–14. Bibcode: 2001PhT....54e..13F. doi: 10.1063/1.1381089. ISSN 0031-9228.

References

^ Anderson, M. H.; Ensher, J. R.; Matthews, M. R.; Wieman, C. E.; Cornell, E. A. (1995-07-14). "Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor". Science. 269 (5221): 198–201. Bibcode: 1995Sci...269..198A. doi: 10.1126/science.269.5221.198. ISSN 0036-8075.
^ Bradley, C. C.; Sackett, C. A.; Tollett, J. J.; Hulet, R. G. (1995-08-28). "Evidence of Bose-Einstein Condensation in an Atomic Gas with Attractive Interactions". Physical Review Letters. 75 (9): 1687–1690. Bibcode: 1995PhRvL..75.1687B. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.1687. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 10060366.
^ Davis, K. B.; Mewes, M. -O.; Andrews, M. R.; van Druten, N. J.; Durfee, D. S.; Kurn, D. M.; Ketterle, W. (1995-11-27). "Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Gas of Sodium Atoms". Physical Review Letters. 75 (22): 3969–3973. Bibcode: 1995PhRvL..75.3969D. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.3969. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 10059782.
^ Fried, Dale G.; Killian, Thomas C.; Willmann, Lorenz; Landhuis, David; Moss, Stephen C.; Kleppner, Daniel; Greytak, Thomas J. (1998-11-02). "Bose-Einstein Condensation of Atomic Hydrogen". Physical Review Letters. 81 (18): 3811–3814. arXiv: physics/9809017. Bibcode: 1998PhRvL..81.3811F. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3811. ISSN 0031-9007.
^ Modugno, G.; Ferrari, G.; Roati, G.; Brecha, R. J.; Simoni, A.; Inguscio, M. (2001-11-09). "Bose-Einstein Condensation of Potassium Atoms by Sympathetic Cooling". Science. 294 (5545): 1320–1322. Bibcode: 2001Sci...294.1320M. doi: 10.1126/science.1066687. ISSN 0036-8075.
^ Robert, A.; Sirjean, O.; Browaeys, A.; Poupard, J.; Nowak, S.; Boiron, D.; Westbrook, C. I.; Aspect, A. (2001-04-20). "A Bose-Einstein Condensate of Metastable Atoms". Science. 292 (5516): 461–464. Bibcode: 2001Sci...292..461R. doi: 10.1126/science.1060622. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 11264526.
^ Pereira Dos Santos, F.; Léonard, J.; Wang, Junmin; Barrelet, C. J.; Perales, F.; Rasel, E.; Unnikrishnan, C. S.; Leduc, M.; Cohen-Tannoudji, C. (2001-04-16). "Bose-Einstein Condensation of Metastable Helium". Physical Review Letters. 86 (16): 3459–3462. arXiv: cond-mat/0103387. Bibcode: 2001PhRvL..86.3459D. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3459. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 11327998.
^ Weber, Tino; Herbig, Jens; Mark, Michael; Nägerl, Hanns-Christoph; Grimm, Rudolf (2003-01-10). "Bose-Einstein Condensation of Cesium". Science. 299 (5604): 232–235. doi: 10.1126/science.1079699. ISSN 0036-8075.
^ Griesmaier, A.; Stuhler, J.; Pfau, T. (2006). "Production of a chromium Bose–Einstein condensate". Applied Physics B. 82 (2): 211–216. arXiv: cond-mat/0508423. Bibcode: 2006ApPhB..82..211G. doi: 10.1007/s00340-005-2070-4. ISSN 0946-2171.
^ Fukuhara, Takeshi; Sugawa, Seiji; Takahashi, Yoshiro (2007-11-15). "Bose-Einstein condensation of an ytterbium isotope". Physical Review A. 76 (5): 051604. arXiv: 0709.3068. Bibcode: 2007PhRvA..76e1604F. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.051604. ISSN 1050-2947.
^ Kraft, Sebastian; Vogt, Felix; Appel, Oliver; Riehle, Fritz; Sterr, Uwe (2009-09-21). "Bose-Einstein Condensation of Alkaline Earth Atoms: Ca 40". Physical Review Letters. 103 (13): 130401. arXiv: 0908.0248. Bibcode: 2009PhRvL.103m0401K. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.130401. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 19905493.
^ Tey, Meng Khoon; Stellmer, Simon; Grimm, Rudolf; Schreck, Florian (2010-07-20). "Double-degenerate Bose-Fermi mixture of strontium". Physical Review A. 82 (1): 011608. arXiv: 1006.1131. Bibcode: 2010PhRvA..82a1608T. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.011608. ISSN 1050-2947.
^ Lu, Mingwu; Burdick, Nathaniel Q.; Youn, Seo Ho; Lev, Benjamin L. (2011-10-31). "Strongly Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensate of Dysprosium". Physical Review Letters. 107 (19): 190401. arXiv: 1108.5993. Bibcode: 2011PhRvL.107s0401L. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.190401. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 22181585.
^ Aikawa, K.; Frisch, A.; Mark, M.; Baier, S.; Rietzler, A.; Grimm, R.; Ferlaino, F. (2012-05-21). "Bose-Einstein Condensation of Erbium". Physical Review Letters. 108 (21): 210401. arXiv: 1204.1725. Bibcode: 2012PhRvL.108u0401A. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.210401. ISSN 0031-9007.
^ Klaers, Jan; Schmitt, Julian; Vewinger, Frank; Weitz, Martin (2010). "Bose–Einstein condensation of photons in an optical microcavity". Nature. 468 (7323): 545–548. arXiv: 1007.4088. Bibcode: 2010Natur.468..545K. doi: 10.1038/nature09567. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 21107426.
^ Dai, D. C.; Monkman, A. P. (2011-09-19). "Observation of superfluorescence from a quantum ensemble of coherent excitons in a ZnTe crystal: Evidence for spontaneous Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons". Physical Review B. 84 (11): 115206. arXiv: 1107.5273. Bibcode: 2011PhRvB..84k5206D. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.115206. ISSN 1098-0121.
^ Kasprzak, J.; Richard, M.; Kundermann, S.; Baas, A.; Jeambrun, P.; Keeling, J. M. J.; Marchetti, F. M.; Szymańska, M. H.; André, R.; Staehli, J. L.; Savona, V.; Littlewood, P. B.; Deveaud, B.; Dang, Le Si (2006). "Bose–Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons". Nature. 443 (7110): 409–414. Bibcode: 2006Natur.443..409K. doi: 10.1038/nature05131. ISSN 0028-0836.
^ Zhang, Zhendong; Chen, Liangchao; Yao, Kai-Xuan; Chin, Cheng (2021-04-29). "Transition from an atomic to a molecular Bose–Einstein condensate". Nature. 592 (7856): 708–711. arXiv: 2006.15297. Bibcode: 2021Natur.592..708Z. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03443-0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 33911270.
^ "BEC News and Reviews". 2001-02-03. Archived from the original on 2001-02-03. Retrieved 2024-01-14.{{ cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( link)
^ "Experimental Studies of Bose–Einstein Condensation". pubs.aip.org. Retrieved 2024-01-14.

[1] Anderson, M. H.; Ensher, J. R.; Matthews, M. R.; Wieman, C. E.; Cornell, E. A. (1995-07-14). "Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor". Science. 269 (5221): 198–201. Bibcode: 1995Sci...269..198A. doi: 10.1126/science.269.5221.198. ISSN 0036-8075.

[2] Bradley, C. C.; Sackett, C. A.; Tollett, J. J.; Hulet, R. G. (1995-08-28). "Evidence of Bose-Einstein Condensation in an Atomic Gas with Attractive Interactions". Physical Review Letters. 75 (9): 1687–1690. Bibcode: 1995PhRvL..75.1687B. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.1687. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 10060366.

[3] Davis, K. B.; Mewes, M. -O.; Andrews, M. R.; van Druten, N. J.; Durfee, D. S.; Kurn, D. M.; Ketterle, W. (1995-11-27). "Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Gas of Sodium Atoms". Physical Review Letters. 75 (22): 3969–3973. Bibcode: 1995PhRvL..75.3969D. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.3969. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 10059782.

[4] Fried, Dale G.; Killian, Thomas C.; Willmann, Lorenz; Landhuis, David; Moss, Stephen C.; Kleppner, Daniel; Greytak, Thomas J. (1998-11-02). "Bose-Einstein Condensation of Atomic Hydrogen". Physical Review Letters. 81 (18): 3811–3814. arXiv: physics/9809017. Bibcode: 1998PhRvL..81.3811F. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3811. ISSN 0031-9007.

[5] Modugno, G.; Ferrari, G.; Roati, G.; Brecha, R. J.; Simoni, A.; Inguscio, M. (2001-11-09). "Bose-Einstein Condensation of Potassium Atoms by Sympathetic Cooling". Science. 294 (5545): 1320–1322. Bibcode: 2001Sci...294.1320M. doi: 10.1126/science.1066687. ISSN 0036-8075.

[6] Robert, A.; Sirjean, O.; Browaeys, A.; Poupard, J.; Nowak, S.; Boiron, D.; Westbrook, C. I.; Aspect, A. (2001-04-20). "A Bose-Einstein Condensate of Metastable Atoms". Science. 292 (5516): 461–464. Bibcode: 2001Sci...292..461R. doi: 10.1126/science.1060622. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 11264526.

[7] Pereira Dos Santos, F.; Léonard, J.; Wang, Junmin; Barrelet, C. J.; Perales, F.; Rasel, E.; Unnikrishnan, C. S.; Leduc, M.; Cohen-Tannoudji, C. (2001-04-16). "Bose-Einstein Condensation of Metastable Helium". Physical Review Letters. 86 (16): 3459–3462. arXiv: cond-mat/0103387. Bibcode: 2001PhRvL..86.3459D. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3459. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 11327998.

[8] Weber, Tino; Herbig, Jens; Mark, Michael; Nägerl, Hanns-Christoph; Grimm, Rudolf (2003-01-10). "Bose-Einstein Condensation of Cesium". Science. 299 (5604): 232–235. doi: 10.1126/science.1079699. ISSN 0036-8075.

[9] Griesmaier, A.; Stuhler, J.; Pfau, T. (2006). "Production of a chromium Bose–Einstein condensate". Applied Physics B. 82 (2): 211–216. arXiv: cond-mat/0508423. Bibcode: 2006ApPhB..82..211G. doi: 10.1007/s00340-005-2070-4. ISSN 0946-2171.

[10] Fukuhara, Takeshi; Sugawa, Seiji; Takahashi, Yoshiro (2007-11-15). "Bose-Einstein condensation of an ytterbium isotope". Physical Review A. 76 (5): 051604. arXiv: 0709.3068. Bibcode: 2007PhRvA..76e1604F. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.051604. ISSN 1050-2947.

[11] Kraft, Sebastian; Vogt, Felix; Appel, Oliver; Riehle, Fritz; Sterr, Uwe (2009-09-21). "Bose-Einstein Condensation of Alkaline Earth Atoms: Ca 40". Physical Review Letters. 103 (13): 130401. arXiv: 0908.0248. Bibcode: 2009PhRvL.103m0401K. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.130401. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 19905493.

[12] Tey, Meng Khoon; Stellmer, Simon; Grimm, Rudolf; Schreck, Florian (2010-07-20). "Double-degenerate Bose-Fermi mixture of strontium". Physical Review A. 82 (1): 011608. arXiv: 1006.1131. Bibcode: 2010PhRvA..82a1608T. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.011608. ISSN 1050-2947.

[13] Lu, Mingwu; Burdick, Nathaniel Q.; Youn, Seo Ho; Lev, Benjamin L. (2011-10-31). "Strongly Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensate of Dysprosium". Physical Review Letters. 107 (19): 190401. arXiv: 1108.5993. Bibcode: 2011PhRvL.107s0401L. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.190401. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 22181585.

[14] Aikawa, K.; Frisch, A.; Mark, M.; Baier, S.; Rietzler, A.; Grimm, R.; Ferlaino, F. (2012-05-21). "Bose-Einstein Condensation of Erbium". Physical Review Letters. 108 (21): 210401. arXiv: 1204.1725. Bibcode: 2012PhRvL.108u0401A. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.210401. ISSN 0031-9007.

[15] Klaers, Jan; Schmitt, Julian; Vewinger, Frank; Weitz, Martin (2010). "Bose–Einstein condensation of photons in an optical microcavity". Nature. 468 (7323): 545–548. arXiv: 1007.4088. Bibcode: 2010Natur.468..545K. doi: 10.1038/nature09567. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 21107426.

[16] Dai, D. C.; Monkman, A. P. (2011-09-19). "Observation of superfluorescence from a quantum ensemble of coherent excitons in a ZnTe crystal: Evidence for spontaneous Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons". Physical Review B. 84 (11): 115206. arXiv: 1107.5273. Bibcode: 2011PhRvB..84k5206D. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.115206. ISSN 1098-0121.

[17] Kasprzak, J.; Richard, M.; Kundermann, S.; Baas, A.; Jeambrun, P.; Keeling, J. M. J.; Marchetti, F. M.; Szymańska, M. H.; André, R.; Staehli, J. L.; Savona, V.; Littlewood, P. B.; Deveaud, B.; Dang, Le Si (2006). "Bose–Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons". Nature. 443 (7110): 409–414. Bibcode: 2006Natur.443..409K. doi: 10.1038/nature05131. ISSN 0028-0836.

[18] Zhang, Zhendong; Chen, Liangchao; Yao, Kai-Xuan; Chin, Cheng (2021-04-29). "Transition from an atomic to a molecular Bose–Einstein condensate". Nature. 592 (7856): 708–711. arXiv: 2006.15297. Bibcode: 2021Natur.592..708Z. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03443-0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 33911270.

[19] "BEC News and Reviews". 2001-02-03. Archived from the original on 2001-02-03. Retrieved 2024-01-14.{{ cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( link)

[20] "Experimental Studies of Bose–Einstein Condensation". pubs.aip.org. Retrieved 2024-01-14.

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Laser cooling techniques
Doppler cooling Zeeman slower Magneto-optical trap Optical lattice
Sub-Doppler cooling	Sisyphus cooling Evaporative cooling Raman cooling Resolved sideband cooling Polarization gradient cooling Optical molasses Gray molasses EIT cooling

Physics Navbox Ideas Information

Laser Cooling Techniques

Particle beam cooling techniques

Particle Detectors

Potential reviewers

General references

Single-photon detectors

Other photon detectors

Ion Detectors

In what elements has BEC been achieved? Information

List of atomic species with BEC realizations

See Also

List of BEC realizations in non-atomic bosons

General references

References