From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone that occurs during the Austral Winter, is a rare event with approxmiately ... systems occuring between May 1 and November 1. During the Austral winter systems are more likely to either develop during or persist until May, with approximately 52% of such storms occurring during that month. Occasionally, however, storms develop in October, with approximately 34% of such storms occurring during that month. As of 2016, there have been 50 tropical cyclones known to have occurred off-season, with 47 of these occuring since the satellite era started during the 1969–70 season.
Background
Within the Southern Hemisphere, the tropical cyclone year is defined as being between July 1 and June 30 of the following year, while a specific cyclone season is commonly defined as being between the start of November and the end of April. However, the World Meteorological Organization's RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South-West Indian Ocean currently defines the tropical cyclone season, as being between July 1 and June 30 of the following year.
[1] However, as the risk of a tropical cyclone occurring varies over the basin, various members have formally defined a shorter period, as their own tropical cyclone season, based on their domestic needs.
[2] Meteo France's RSMC La Reunion currently defines the season as occurring between November 15 and April 30, while the Mauritius Meteorological Service defines it as being between November 1 and May 15.
[3]
[4]
Chronology
The wind speeds listed are
maximum ten-minute average sustained winds , and the pressure is the minimum
barometric pressure ; tropical cyclones listed with N/A under pressure indicates there is no known estimated pressure. For deaths, "None" indicates that there were no reports of fatalities; death tolls listed as "several" mean there were fatalities reported, but an exact total is unavailable. For both deaths and damage, N/A refers to no known total, although such storms may have impacted land. The damage totals are the
United States dollar of the year of the storm.
60's
Name
Dates
Peak intensity
Areas affected
Damage(
USD )
Deaths
Refs
Category
Wind speed
Pressure
Amy
October 6 – 16, 1962
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
Mascareignes
[5]
Jose
April 29 – May 3, 1964
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
[6]
Karen
May 2 – 10, 1964
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
[7]
Rose
April 27 – May 5, 1965
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
[8]
Anne
August 9 – 14, 1965
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
[9]
Brenda
August 16 – 18, 1965
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
[10]
Lily
April 2 – May 1, 1966
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
[11]
Angela
September 28 – October 6, 1966
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
[12]
Kathy
May 12 – 21, 1967
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
[13]
Annie
October 28 – November 3, 1968
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
[14]
Aline
August 18 – 21, 1969
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
[15]
Blanche
October 7 – 14, 1969
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
[16]
Andree
September 16 – 19, 1970
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
None
[17]
Betsy
October 1 – 9, 1970
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
None
None
None
[18]
Odette
July 9 – 16, 1971
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
None
None
None
[NB 1]
[19]
Marcelle
April 29 – May 9, 1973
Tropical cyclone
130 km/h (80 mph)
973 hPa (28.73 inHg)
South-Western Australia
Unknown
None
[NB 2]
[20]
[21]
Alice
September 14 – 24, 1973
Moderate tropical storm
75 km/h (45 mph)
1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)
Madagascar
None
None
[22]
Bernadette
October 16 – 28, 1973
Tropical cyclone
150 km/h (90 mph)
985 hPa (29.09 inHg)
None
None
None
[22]
Norah
November 1 – 4, 1974
Severe tropical storm
95 km/h (60 mph)
988 hPa (29.18 inHg)
Christmas Island, Cocos Island
None
None
[23]
Carol
May 3 – 9, 1976
Moderate tropical storm
85 km/h (50 mph)
992 hPa (29.29 inHg)
None
None
None
[24]
Agathe
October 2 – 15, 1976
Moderate tropical storm
100 km/h (65 mph)
995 hPa (29.38 inHg)
[25]
Kevin
May 5 – 12, 1979
Severe tropical storm
95 km/h (60 mph)
986 hPa (29.12 inHg)
None
None
None
[26]
Tony
August 26 – 31, 1979
Severe tropical storm
95 km/h (60 mph)
990 hPa (29.23 inHg)
None
None
None
[27]
Paddy
May 24 – 25, 1981
Tropical depression
55 km/h (35 mph)
997 hPa (29.44 inHg)
Western Australia
None
None
[NB 2]
[28] Cite error: There are <ref>
tags on this page without content in them (see the
help page ).
[29]
01S
July 25 – 28, 1981
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
None
None
None
[30]
Alex
October 19 – 27, 1981
Tropical cyclone
150 km/h (90 mph)
964 hPa (28.47 inHg)
None
None
None
[31]
Karla
April 25 – May 4, 1982
Intense tropical cyclone
185 km/h (115 mph)
950 hPa (28.05 inHg)
None
None
None
[32]
01S
July 4 – 6, 1982
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
None
None
None
[33]
Arilisy
October 27 – 31, 1982
Moderate tropical storm
65 km/h (40 mph)
1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)
Agalega, Madagascar
None
None
[34]
Naomi
April 21 – May 2, 1983
Tropical cyclone
150 km/h (90 mph)
960 hPa (28.35 inHg)
None
None
None
[NB 2]
[35]
Fely
June 22 – 24, 1983
Tropical disturbance
45 km/h (30 mph)
1007 hPa (29.74 inHg)
Madagascar
Minimal
None
[36]
Oscar
October 22 – November 1, 1983
Tropical cyclone
140 km/h (85 mph)
965 hPa (28.50 inHg)
None
None
None
[NB 2]
[37]
01S
September 23 – 29, 1985
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
None
None
None
[38]
Billy - Lila
May 9 – 10, 1986
Intense tropical cyclone
175 km/h (110 mph)
950 hPa (28.05 inHg)
Western Australia
None
None
[NB 2]
[39]
[40]
01S
July 30 – August 3, 1986
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
None
None
None
[41]
28S
June 25 – 27, 1987
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
None
None
None
[42]
01S
October 31 – November 10, 1987
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
None
None
None
[43]
Iarisena
May 6 – 14, 1988
Moderate tropical storm
65 km/h (40 mph)
991 hPa (29.26 inHg)
None
None
None
[44]
Adelinina
October 30 – November 8, 1988
Moderate tropical storm
80 km/h (50 mph)
984 hPa (29.06 inHg)
None
None
None
[45]
[46]
01S
July 10 – 11, 1989
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
None
None
None
[47]
03S
September 25 – 27, 1989
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
None
None
None
[48]
04S
October 13 – 14, 1989
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
None
None
None
[49]
05S
October 31 – November 2, 1989
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
None
None
None
[50]
Ikonjo
May 11 – 20, 1990
Severe tropical storm
95 km/h (60 mph)
976 hPa (28.82 inHg)
Seychelles
Minimal
None
[51]
[52]
01S
September 21 – 25, 1990
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
None
None
None
[53]
02S
October 18 – 20, 1990
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
None
None
None
[54]
Gritelle
June 8 – 12, 1991
Moderate tropical storm
80 km/h (50 mph)
984 hPa (29.06 inHg)
None
None
None
[55]
01S
September 11 – 13, 1991
Not Specified
Not Specified
Not Specified
None
None
None
[56]
A2
October 14 – 22, 1991
Tropical depression
50 km/h (30 mph)
997 hPa (29.44 inHg)
Madagascar
Unknown
None
[57]
A3/02S
October 16 – 22, 1991
Tropical depression
50 km/h (30 mph)
997 hPa (29.44 inHg)
None
None
None
[58]
[59]
Avoina
September 29 – October 4, 1992
Moderate tropical storm
75 km/h (45 mph)
988 hPa (29.18 inHg)
None
None
None
[60]
Babie
October 18 – 21, 1992
Moderate tropical storm
70 km/h (45 mph)
991 hPa (29.26 inHg)
None
None
None
[61]
Konita
May 2 – 5, 1993
Tropical cyclone
130 km/h (80 mph)
955 hPa (28.20 inHg)
None
None
None
[62]
A1
October 2 – 7, 1994
Tropical depression
55 km/h (35 mph)
995 hPa (29.38 inHg)
None
None
None
[63]
[64]
Jenna
May 4 – 5, 1996
Moderate tropical storm
85 km/h (50 mph)
984 hPa (29.06 inHg)
None
None
None
[65]
A1
August 14 – 21, 1996
Tropical depression
55 km/h (35 mph)
995 hPa (29.38 inHg)
None
None
None
[66]
[67]
A2/03S
September 6 – 11, 1996
Tropical disturbance
45 km/h (30 mph)
Not Specified
Chagos Islands
None
None
[66]
[68]
Antoinette
October 15 – 21, 1996
Severe tropical storm
115 km/h (70 mph)
965 hPa (28.50 inHg)
None
None
None
[66]
[69]
Rhonda
May 10 – 11, 1997
Tropical depression
55 km/h (35 mph)
998 hPa (29.47 inHg)
Western Australia
None
None
[NB 2]
[70]
[71]
M2
July 20 – 25, 1997
Tropical depression
55 km/h (35 mph)
995 hPa (29.38 inHg)
None
None
None
[66]
H4/01S
July 20 – 25, 1998
Tropical depression
55 km/h (35 mph)
998 hPa (29.47 inHg)
None
None
None
[72]
[73]
A1
September 3 – 6, 1998
Tropical disturbance
45 km/h (30 mph)
1002 hPa (29.59 inHg)
None
None
None
[74]
[75]
A2/02S
September 29 – October 2, 1998
Tropical disturbance
45 km/h (30 mph)
1002 hPa (29.59 inHg)
None
None
None
[74]
[75]
One
August 1 — 3, 2000
Tropical depression
55 km/h (35 mph)
999 hPa (29.50 inHg)
None
None
None
[76]
[77]
Eleven/21S
June 19 — 24, 2001
Subtropical depression
75 km/h (45 mph)
1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)
None
None
None
[78]
[79]
One/01S
October 4 — 7, 2001
Tropical depression
55 km/h (35 mph)
998 hPa (29.47 inHg)
None
None
None
[80]
[81]
Alex-Andree
October 28 — 30, 2001
Severe tropical storm
95 km/h (60 mph)
985 hPa (29.09 inHg)
None
None
None
[82]
Fifteen
June 11 — 15, 2002
Tropical disturbance
45 km/h (30 mph)
1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)
None
None
None
[83]
[84]
One
September 5 — 8, 2002
Moderate tropical storm
65 km/h (40 mph)
1003 hPa (29.62 inHg)
Seychelles
$50,000
None
[85]
[86]
Manou
May 2 – 10, 2003
Tropical cyclone
155 km/h (95 mph)
950 hPa (28.05 inHg)
Madagascar
Unknown
89
[87]
[88]
Abaimba
September 28 — October 6, 2003
Moderate tropical storm
80 km/h (50 mph)
995 hPa (29.38 inHg)
None
None
None
[89]
Juba
May 5 — 15, 2004
Severe tropical storm
100 km/h (65 mph)
975 hPa (28.79 inHg)
None
None
None
[90]
Sixteen
May 19 — 24, 2004
Zone of disturbed weather
35 km/h (25 mph)
Not specified
None
None
None
[91]
Phoebe
August 30 — September 1, 2004
Moderate tropical storm
65 km/h (40 mph)
1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)
None
None
None
[NB 2]
[92]
Two
October 25 — 29, 2004
Tropical depression
55 km/h (35 mph)
996 hPa (29.41 inHg)
None
None
None
[93]
[94]
One
September 5 — 6, 2005
Tropical disturbance
45 km/h (30 mph)
1001 hPa (29.56 inHg)
None
None
None
[95]
[96]
Two
October 12 — 15, 2005
Tropical depression
55 km/h (35 mph)
997 hPa (29.44 inHg)
None
None
None
[97]
[98]
One
October 19 — 23, 2006
Tropical disturbance
45 km/h (30 mph)
1002 hPa (29.59 inHg)
None
None
None
[99]
[100]
01U/01S
July 26 — August 1, 2007
Moderate tropical storm
75 km/h (45 mph)
992 hPa (29.29 inHg)
None
None
None
[NB 2]
[101]
One
October 12 — 13, 2007
Tropical disturbance
45 km/h (30 mph)
1005 hPa (29.68 inHg)
None
None
None
[102]
One
October 6 — 8, 2008
Zone of disturbed weather
35 km/h (25 mph)
1006 hPa (29.71 inHg)
None
None
None
[103]
Asma
October 16 — 24, 2008
Moderate tropical storm
85 km/h (50 mph)
985 hPa (29.09 inHg)
Madagascar
Unknown
None
[104]
One
August 18 – 21, 2009
Tropical disturbance
45 km/h (30 mph)
1004 hPa (29.65 inHg)
None
None
None
[
citation needed ]
Two
September 18 – 20, 2009
Zone of disturbed weather
35 km/h (25 mph)
1008 hPa (29.77 inHg)
None
None
None
[105]
Joël
May 22 – 29, 2010
Subtropical depression
110 km/h (70 mph)
990 hPa (29.23 inHg)
Mozambique, Madagascar
Minimal
None
[106]
[107]
One
October 25 – 29, 2010
Tropical depression
55 km/h (35 mph)
997 hPa (29.44 inHg)
None
None
None
[
citation needed ]
Kuena
June 3 – 8, 2012
Moderate tropical storm
85 km/h (50 mph)
994 hPa (29.35 inHg)
None
None
None
[108]
Anaïs
October 10 – 19, 2012
Intense tropical cyclone
185 km/h (115 mph)
945 hPa (27.91 inHg)
Madagascar
Unknown
None
[109]
Jamala
May 7 – 16, 2013
Moderate tropical storm
75 km/h (45 mph)
992 hPa (29.29 inHg)
None
None
None
[109]
One
October 23 – 27, 2013
Moderate tropical storm
65 km/h (40 mph)
997 hPa (29.44 inHg)
Chagos Archipelago
Unknown
None
[
citation needed ]
[110]
Abela
July 12 – 20, 2016
Severe tropical storm
95 km/h (60 mph)
987 hPa (29.15 inHg)
Madagascar
Unknown
None
[
citation needed ]
[111]
Bransby
October 3 – 7, 2016
Subtropical depression
100 km/h (65 mph)
987 hPa (29.15 inHg)
None
None
None
[
citation needed ]
[112]
Flamboyan
April 28 – May 1, 2018
Severe tropical storm
110 km/h (70 mph)
978 hPa (28.88 inHg)
None
None
None
[113]
One
September 13 – 17, 2018
Moderate tropical storm
75 km/h (45 mph)
1004 hPa (29.65 inHg)
None
None
None
[
citation needed ]
[114]
Lorna
April 21 – May 1, 2019
Tropical cyclone
150 km/h (90 mph)
964 hPa (28.47 inHg)
None
None
None
[115]
One
July 22 – 25, 2019
Zone of disturbed weather
35 km/h (25 mph)
1001 hPa (29.56 inHg)
None
None
None
[
citation needed ]
Alicia
November 12 – 17, 2021
Tropical cyclone
130 km/h (80 mph)
975 hPa (28.79 inHg)
None
None
None
[
citation needed ]
Two
November 14 – 17, 2021
Tropical depression
55 km/h (35 mph)
999 hPa (29.50 inHg)
None
None
None
[
citation needed ]
Karim
May 5 – 7, 2022
Moderate tropical storm
75 km/h (45 mph)
994 hPa (29.35 inHg)
None
None
None
[
citation needed ]
Ashley
September 23 – 28, 2022
Moderate tropical storm
75 km/h (45 mph)
1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)
None
None
None
Balita
October 3 – 9, 2022
Moderate tropical storm
65 km/h (40 mph)
996 hPa (29.41 inHg)
None
None
None
Fabien
May 12 – 21, 2023
Intense tropical cyclone
175 km/h (110 mph)
958 hPa (28.29 inHg)
Diego Garcia
None
16
[116]
Records and statistics
During October 2012, Intense Tropical Cyclone Anais became the first intense tropical cyclone, ever recorded in the South-West Indian Ocean during October.
[109]
1990's - 20 systems
2000's - 20 systems
2010's - 12 systems
2020's - 1 system
Monthly statistics
Month of formation
Number of recorded storms
April
2
May
12
June
5
July
7
August
4
September
12
October
22
Total
Notes
^ Due to differences over when the Tropical Cyclone Year started and ended between the La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre and other Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre's, these cyclones are recorded as being a part of two Tropical Cyclone Years
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h The windspeeds and minimum pressure estimates for these systems, are taken from the archives of the
Australian Bureau of Meteorology and compared to the intensity scale for the South-West Indian Ocean.
See also
References
^ RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee (2023).
Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South-West Indian Ocean (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization.
^ Cite error: The named reference RA I Tropical cyclone operational plan
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page ).
^
http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/index.html
^
http://metservice.intnet.mu/pdfs/technical-note-on-cyclone-season.pdf
^
Tropical Storm Amy, 6-16 October (Report). Global tropical/extratropical cyclone climatic atlas. United States National Climatic Data Center. 1996. Retrieved May 13, 2022 .
^
Tropical Storm Jose, 29 April - 3 May (Report). Global tropical/extratropical cyclone climatic atlas. United States National Climatic Data Center. 1996. Retrieved May 13, 2022 .
^
Tropical Storm Karen, 2-10 May (Report). Global tropical/extratropical cyclone climatic atlas. United States National Climatic Data Center. 1996. Retrieved May 13, 2022 .
^
Tropical Depression Rose, 27 April-5 May (Report). Global tropical/extratropical cyclone climatic atlas. United States National Climatic Data Center. 1996. Retrieved May 13, 2022 .
^
Tropical Depression Anne, 9-14 August (Report). Global tropical/extratropical cyclone climatic atlas. United States National Climatic Data Center. 1996. Retrieved May 13, 2022 .
^
Tropical Depression Brenda, 16-18 August (Report). Global tropical/extratropical cyclone climatic atlas. United States National Climatic Data Center. 1996. Retrieved May 13, 2022 .
^
Tropical Depression Lily, 22 April-1 May (Report). Global tropical/extratropical cyclone climatic atlas. United States National Climatic Data Center. 1996. Retrieved May 13, 2022 .
^
Tropical Depression Angela, 28 September-6 October (Report). Global tropical/extratropical cyclone climatic atlas. United States National Climatic Data Center. 1996. Retrieved May 13, 2022 .
^
Tropical Storm Kathy, 12-21 May (Report). Global tropical/extratropical cyclone climatic atlas. United States National Climatic Data Center. 1996. Retrieved May 13, 2022 .
^
Tropical Storm Annie, 28 October-3 November (Report). Global tropical/extratropical cyclone climatic atlas. United States National Climatic Data Center. 1996. Retrieved May 13, 2022 .
^
Tropical Depression Aline, 18-21 August (Report). Global tropical/extratropical cyclone climatic atlas. United States National Climatic Data Center. 1996. Retrieved May 13, 2022 .
^
Hurricane Blanche, 7-14 October (Report). Global tropical/extratropical cyclone climatic atlas. United States National Climatic Data Center. 1996. Retrieved May 13, 2022 .
^
"Tropical Cyclone Andree 1970 best track data" . Météo-France. May 21, 2001.
Archived from the original on January 30, 2005. Retrieved April 11, 2011 .
^
Tropical Depression Betsy, 5-9 October (Report). Global tropical/extratropical cyclone climatic atlas. United States National Climatic Data Center. 1996. Retrieved May 13, 2022 .
^
Tropical Storm Odette, 9-16 July (Report). Global tropical/extratropical cyclone climatic atlas. United States National Climatic Data Center. 1996. Retrieved May 13, 2022 .
^
"1973 Tropical Cyclone Marcelle (1973119S09087)" . International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved May 8, 2022 .
^
Tropical Cyclone Marcelle 29 April 1973 - 9 May 1973 (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. August 13, 200.
Archived from the original on February 21, 2012. Retrieved May 14, 2022 .
^
a
b
"Saison 1973-1974 des perturbations tropicales dans l'océan indien du sud-ouest" [1973-1974 Tropical disturbance season in the southwestern Indian Ocean]. Météorologie Maritime (in French). No. 143. 1989. pp. 41–43.
ISSN
0222-5123 .
^
"1974 Tropical Cyclone Norah (1974301S08105)" . International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved May 8, 2022 .
^
"1976 Moderate Tropical Storm Carol (1976124S07092)" . International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved May 8, 2022 .
^
"Saison 1976-1977 des perturbations tropicales dans l'océan indien du sud-ouest" [1976-1977 Tropical disturbance season in the South-West Indian Ocean]. Météorologie Maritime (in French) (99): 41–43. 1978.
ISSN
0222-5123 .
Archived from the original on April 22, 2022.
^
"1979 Severe Tropical Storm Kevin (1979122S04095)" . International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved May 13, 2022 .
^
Tropical Cyclone Tony (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved May 13, 2022 .
^
"1981 Severe Tropical Cyclone Paddy (1981142S08091)" . International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved May 8, 2022 .
^
Tropical Cyclone Paddy (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from
the original on March 27, 2011. Retrieved May 12, 2022 .
^
"1981 Tropical Depression Not Named (1981207S12087)" . International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved May 8, 2022 .
^ Lynch, K (1982).
"The Australian Tropical Cyclone Season 1981–82" (PDF) . The Australian Meteorological Magazine . Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved May 8, 2022 .
^
"Saison 1981-1982 des perturbations tropicales dans L'océan Indien du Sud-Ouest" [1981-1982 Tropical Disturbance Season in the South-West Indian Ocean]. Météorologie Maritime (in French) (143): 41–43. 1989.
ISSN
0222-5123 .
^
"1982 Tropical Depression Not Named (1982186S06056)" . International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved May 8, 2022 .
^
Tropical Depression Arilisy, 27-31 October (Report). Global tropical/extratropical cyclone climatic atlas. United States National Climatic Data Center. 1996. Retrieved May 13, 2022 .
^
"1983 Tropical Cyclone Naomi (1983110S12080)" . International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved May 8, 2022 .
^
Tropical Depression Fely, 22-24 June (Report). Global tropical/extratropical cyclone climatic atlas. United States National Climatic Data Center. 1996. Retrieved May 13, 2022 .
^
"1983 Tropical Cyclone Oscar (1983295S08089)" . International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved May 8, 2022 .
^
"1985 Moderate Tropical Storm Not Named (1985265S10080)" . International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved May 8, 2022 .
^
"1986 Severe Tropical Cyclone Billy-Lila (1986124S05090)" . International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved May 8, 2022 .
^
Severe Tropical Cyclone Billy-Lila (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. June 16, 2009. Retrieved May 12, 2022 .
^
"1986 Moderate Tropical Storm Not Named (1986212S08085)" . International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved May 8, 2022 .
^
"1987 Tropical Depression Not Named (1987176S08087)" . International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved May 8, 2022 .
^
"1987 Severe Tropical Storm Not Named (1987304S04086)" . International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved May 8, 2022 .
^
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