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File:Emei Leaf Warbler.png | |
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Species: | P. emeiensis
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Binomial name | |
Phylloscopus emeiensis |
The Emei Leaf Warbler (Phylloscopus emeiensis) is a species of leaf warbler ( family Phylloscopidae). It was formerly included in the " Old World warbler" assemblage.
It is found in China and Myanmar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
The relationships are uncertain, but a study based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b and 12S and nuclear myoglobin intron 2 revealed no evidence for a close relationship to the morphologically similar Blyth’s Leaf Warbler P. reguloides complex [2]
The Emei Leaf Warbler is 11–12 cm long. Its crown is greyish-green, slightly darker at rear than in front, with a pale median crown-stripe that is poorly marked in front, and slightly but noticeably broader, paler and more distinct at rear. It has a prominent pale yellowish-tinged supercilium. The Warbler has a distinct dark eye-stripe; rest of ear-coverts paler, with faint dark mottling. The upper parts are dull green, clearly paler than sides of crown ands eye-stripe. The wings and tail appear mostly greenish, with distinct pale yellowish tips to median coverts and broad pale yellowish tips to greater coverts, forming two prominent wing-bars. It has an outermost tail-feather with <0.5 mm whitish edge on inner web and indistinctly paler tip; second outermost tail-feather with even less distinct pale inner edge/tip. The underside is whitish, indistinctly streaked with pale yellowish, and with slightly more yellowish undertail-coverts. The iris is dark brown. The upper mandible is blackish and the lower mandible is pale orange. The tarsus, toes and claws are pinkish-grey, but tarsus slightly paler than toes and claws. The Emei Leaf Warbler is very similar to sympatric Claudia’s Leaf Warbler P. claudiae (formerly P. reguloides claudiae) [3] , but differs mainly in less contrasting crown pattern, with less-dark lateral crown-stripes and less-pale median crown-stripe. [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] The Emei Leaf Warbler’s estimated generation length is 3.6 years. [9]
Breeds locally in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangdong provinces, China [10] [11] Bairlein et al. 2006</ref>, and has recently been found to breed also in Shaanxi province, China [12]. Appears on the breeding grounds in the latter part of April. One non-breeding record from E S Myanmar [13]. Number of mature individuals: No available data [14], but not known to be numerous anywhere [15] [16].
The Emei Leaf Warbler breeds in temperate deciduous broadleaved forest, sometimes with some spruce Picea/Abies [17]. It has been found to favour a mix of old secondary and replanted broadleaved forest, with lower densities in primary broadleaved forest [18]. It has been recorded at 1000–2200 m in the breeding season [19] [20] [21] BirdLife International 2013 [22].
Though the Emei Leaf Warbler is known to eat insects, there are currently no studies to support that claim. [23]
Based on male singing activity, the breeding period presumably begins in the mid of to the late of April. However, there is no data to support that hypothesis [24]
The song is a clear, slightly quivering, straight trill between c. 4 and 6 kHz, usually lasting 3–4 seconds [25], [26] [27] . Every male displays several verse types; up to eight have been recorded from one individual [28]. The song is very different from the songs of the sympatric Claudia’s Leaf Warbler and Kloss’s Leaf Warbler P. ogilviegranti (previously White-tailed Leaf Warbler P. davisoni) [29] [30] [31]. The call is a soft “tu-du-du”; “tu-du”; or “tu-du-du-du”, somewhat resembling one of the calls of European Greenfinch Chloris chloris, but clearly different from the calls of Claudia’s and Kloss’s Leaf Warblers [32] [33].
The genus name Phylloscopus means “leaf gleaning” and the species name emeiensis refers to the mountain Emei Shan, where the species was first discovered [34].
According to current estimations, the Emei Leaf Warbler is not close to fulfilling the IUCN’s criteria for Vulnerable, as the population seems stable. It is therefore classified as Least Concerned.
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