From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Suborder of booklice
Troctomorpha is one of the three major
suborders of
Psocodea (formerly
Psocoptera)
[1]
[2](barklice, booklice, and parasitic lice), alongside
Psocomorpha and
Trogiomorpha. There are more than 30 families and 5,800
described species in Troctomorpha.
[3]
[4]
[1] The order includes
parasitic lice, which are most closely related to the booklice family
Liposcelididae.
Cladogram
Cladogram showing the position of Troctomorpha within
Psocodea:
[5]
Schizophthirus pleurophaeus
Fossil record
The oldest record of the suborder is suggested to be
Paramesopsocus adibi, known from the
Late Jurassic
Karabastau Formation of
Kazakhstan.
[6]
[7]
Classification
Troctomorpha contains the following subgroups:
[1]
- Infraorder:
Amphientometae
- Infraorder:
Nanopsocetae
- Family:
Liposcelididae Broadhead, 1950 (booklice)
- Family:
Pachytroctidae Enderlein, 1904 (thick barklice)
- Family:
Sphaeropsocidae Menon, 1941
- Parvorder:
Phthiraptera
- Superfamily:
Amblycera
- Superfamily:
Anoplura
- Family:
Echinophthiriidae Enderlein, 1904 (seal lice)
- Family:
Enderleinellidae Ewing, 1929
- Family:
Haematopinidae Enderlein, 1904 (ungulate lice)
- Family:
Hamophthiriidae Johnson, 1969
- Family:
Hoplopleuridae Ewing, 1929 (armoured lice)
- Family:
Hybothiridae Ewing, 1929
- Family:
Linognathidae Webb, 1946 (pale lice)
- Family:
Microthoraciidae Kim & Lugwig, 1978
- Family:
Neolinognathidae Fahrenholz, 1936
- Family:
Pecaroecidae Kéler, 1963
- Family:
Pedicinidae Enderlein, 1904
- Family:
Pediculidae Leach, 1817 (body lice, head lice)
- Family:
Polyplacidae Fahrenholz, 1912 (spiny rat lice)
- Family:
Pthiridae Ewing, 1929 (crab lice or pubic lice)
- Family:
Ratemiidae Kim & Lugwig, 1978
- Superfamily:
Ischnocera (
paraphyletic)
- Superfamily:
Rhyncophthirina
References
- ^
a
b
c
d
Johnson, Kevin P.; Smith, Vincent S. (2021).
"Psocodea species file online, Version 5.0". Retrieved 2021-11-05.
-
^
Bess, Emilie; Smith, Vince; Lienhard, Charles; Johnson, Kevin P. (2006).
"Psocodea". Tree of Life. Retrieved 2019-06-14.
-
^
"Troctomorpha Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2019-05-04.
-
^
"Troctomorpha suborder Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2019-05-04.
-
^ de Moya, Robert S; Yoshizawa, Kazunori; Walden, Kimberly K O; Sweet, Andrew D; Dietrich, Christopher H; Kevin P, Johnson (2021-06-16). Buckley, Thomas (ed.).
"Phylogenomics of Parasitic and Nonparasitic Lice (Insecta: Psocodea): Combining Sequence Data and Exploring Compositional Bias Solutions in Next Generation Data Sets". Systematic Biology. 70 (4): 719–738.
doi:
10.1093/sysbio/syaa075.
ISSN
1063-5157.
PMID
32979270.
-
^ Azar, Dany; Hajar, Lara; Indary, Chadi; Nel, André (January 2008).
"Paramesopsocidae, a new Mesozoic psocid family (Insecta: Psocodea "Psocoptera": Psocomorpha)". Annales de la Société entomologique de France. New Series. 44 (4): 459–470.
doi:
10.1080/00379271.2008.10697581.
ISSN
0037-9271.
S2CID
85044414.
-
^ Mockford, Edward L.; Lienhard, Charles; Yoshizawa, Kazunori (October 2013).
"Revised classification of 'Psocoptera' from Cretaceous amber, a reassessment of published information". Insecta Matsumurana. New Series. 69: 1–26.
ISSN
0020-1804.
Further reading