The following is a
timeline of the
history of the city of
Baghdad ,
Iraq .
2000 BCE –
Babylonian city of Baghdadu in existence (approximate date).
[1]
762 CE
767 –
Al-Mansur Mosque built.
[4]
775 –
Bab al-Taq (gate) built.
[5]
786 –
Harun al-Rashid in power.
[6]
794 –
Paper mill in operation.
[6]
[7]
799 –
Mashhad al-Kazimiyya built.
[4]
812-813
Siege of Baghdad , Fourth Fitna (Islamic Civil War)
814 – City captured by
al-Ma'mun .
[6]
827 – Tomb of
Zobeide built.
[8]
836 –
Abbasid Caliphate of
Al-Mu'tasim relocated from Baghdad to
Samarra .
[9]
850 –
Book of Ingenious Devices published.
[10]
855 – Funeral of
Ahmad ibn Hanbal .
[11]
861 – 11 December: Caliph
Al-Mutawakkil assassinated.
[6]
865 – City wall built.
[12]
865-866
Caliphal Civil War , was an armed conflict during the "
Anarchy at Samarra " between the rival
caliphs
al-Musta'in and
al-Mu'tazz .
892 –
Abbasid Caliphate of
Al-Mu'tamid relocated to Baghdad from
Samarra .
[9]
901 – Jami al-Qasr (mosque) built.
[13]
908 –
Al-Khulafa Mosque built.
[4]
946 –
Battle of Baghdad ; Shia
Buyids in power.
[9]
993 – Dar al-'Ilm (educational institution) founded.
[14]
1055 –
Seljuq
Nizam al-Mulk in power.
[6]
1060 – Dar al-Kutub (library) founded.
[14]
1066 –
Abu Hanifa Mosque restored.[
citation needed ]
1067 –
Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad (college) established.
[9]
[15]
1095 – City wall rebuilt.
[12]
1157 -
Siege of Baghdad , Abbasid–Seljuq Wars
1180 – Caliph
al-Nasir in power.
1193 – Jami' Zumurrud Khatun (mosque) and Turbat Zumurrud Khatun (tomb) built.
[4]
1202 – Minaret of Jami' al-Khaffafin built (approximate date).
[4]
1215 – Tomb of Maruf el-Kerkhi built.
[8]
1221 – Bab al-Talsim (Talisman gate) built.
[4]
1226 -
al-Baghdadi compiles
Kitab al-Tabikh (1226) [
ar ] (cookbook).
1228 – Jami' al-Qumriyya Mosque built.
[4]
1230 – Al-Qasr al-Abbasi fi al-Qal'a built (approximate date).
[4]
1232 –
Al-Mustansiriya Madrasah established.
[4]
[13]
1252 – Shrine of
Abdul-Kadir built.
[8]
1258 – January–February: City destroyed by forces of Mongol
Hulagu Khan during the
Siege of Baghdad ; most of population killed.
[9]
[1]
1272 – Marco Polo visits city (approximate date).
[9]
1326 –
Ibn Battuta visits city.
[16]
1357 – Al-Madrasah al-Mirjaniyya built.
[4]
1358 – Khan al-Mirjan built.
[4]
1393 – City captured by
Timur .
[9]
1401 –
City captured by
Timur again.
[9]
[1]
1405 –
Sultan Ahmed Jalayir in power.
[9]
1417 – City taken by
Qara Yusuf .
[8]
1468 –
Aq Qoyunlu in power.
[6]
16th–19th centuries
1508 - City taken by Persian
Ismail I .
[17]
1534
1535 – City becomes capital of the
Baghdad Eyalet of the
Ottoman Empire .
1544 – City taken by forces of
Suleiman I .
[8]
1578 –
Al-Muradiyya Mosque built.
[4]
1601 – Coffeehouse built.
[18]
1602 – City taken by forces of
Abbas I of Persia .
[8]
[1]
1623 – 23 January:
Capture of Baghdad by
Safavids .
[9]
[1]
1625 -
Siege of Baghdad , Ottoman–Safavid Wars
1638 –
Capture of Baghdad by forces of Ottoman
Murad IV .
[19]
1682 – Khaseki mosque built.
[1]
1683 – City besieged.
[9]
1780 –
Mamluk
Sulayman Pasha the Great in power.
[9]
1795 –
Mosque-Madrasa of al-Ahmadiyya built.
[4]
1799 – City besieged by Wahhabi-Saudi forces.
[9]
1816 –
Mamluk
Dawud Pasha in power.
[9]
1823 – Population: 80,000 (estimate).
[20]
1826 –
Haydar-Khana Mosque constructed in its current form.
[4]
1830
1831 – Flood, then famine.
[9]
1841 –
Lynch Brothers in business.
[22]
1848 –
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baghdad established.
1849 – Remnants discovered of quay of Nebuchadrezzar, from
Babylonian city of Baghdadu.
[1]
1861 – Istanbul-Baghdad telegraph line installed.
[23]
1865
1869 –
Midhat Pasha in power.
[9]
1870
Municipal council established.
[9]
City walls demolished.
[13]
1871 – Population: 65,000.
[21]
1880 – Turkish
camel post begins operating (approximate date).
[1]
1895 – Population: 100,000 (estimate).
[8]
1899 –
Alliance Israélite girls' school established.
[1]
20th century
1900s–1940s
1908 – Population: 140,000 (estimate).
[24]
1909 – Cinema built.
[25]
1911 – Ottoman
XIII Corps headquartered in Baghdad.
1912 – Population: 200,000 (estimate).
[26]
1914 – October: Samarra-Baghdad railway begins operating.
[9]
1915
1917
1919 –
Guardians of Independence organized.
1920
1926 –
Baghdad Antiquities Museum founded.
1927 – British
Imperial Airways begins operating Cairo-Baghdad-Basra flights.
[9]
1929 – Al-Maktabatil Aammah (public library) active.
1931 – Strike.
[30]
1936 – Military coup.
[9]
1940 – Iraqi Music Institute inaugurated.
[31]
1941 -
Iraqi coup d'état in Baghdad,
World War II
1941
1944 –
Baghdad Symphony Orchestra founded.
1946 –
Al-Sarafiya bridge built.
1947 - Population: 352,137.
[33]
1948
Uprising.
[9]
Popular Theatre Company
[31] and filmmaking Studio of Baghdad formed.
[25]
22. 1948 - Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries
1950s–1990s
1952
Uprising.
[9]
Modern Theatre Company formed.
[31]
1953 –
Baghdad Central Station built.
1956
Samarra Barrage constructed on the Tigris River near the city.
[34]
May: Government television begins broadcasting.
[35]
Uprising.
[36]
Iraqi Artists Society formed.
[37]
1957
1958
1959
1960 – September:
OPEC founded at Baghdad Conference (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela).
1961 –
Iraq National Library and Archive established.
1963
1964 –
Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital established.
1965 - Population: 1,490,759 city; 1,657,424 urban agglomeration.
[38]
1966
1967 – Firqat Ittahaad al-Fannaaneed theatre group formed.
[31]
1968 – National Theatre Company established.
[31]
1970 - Population: 1,984,142 (estimate).
[40]
1971 –
Baghdad Zoo opens.
1975 – Central Post Office built.
[4]
1978 – November:
Arab League summit .
1980
1981 – National Film Center and Saddam Hussein Gymnasium (now
Baghdad Gymnasium ) built.
[4]
1982
1983 –
Al-Shaheed Monument built.
[4]
1985
Baghdad Festival of Arab theatre begins.
[31]
Amanat Al Assima Housing complex and Central Bank of Iraq building constructed.
[4]
1987 - Population: 3,841,268.
[41]
1988 –
Saddam University established.
1989 –
Victory Arch erected.
[34]
1991
1993 – 26 June:
Missile strikes by United States.
1994 –
Baghdad Tower constructed.
21st century
2000s
2010s
2020s
See also
References
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g
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Peters, John Punnett (1910).
"Bagdad (city)" . In
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Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 194–198.
^ Charles Wendell (1971). "Baghdad: Imago Mundi, and Other Foundation-Lore". International Journal of Middle East Studies . 2 (2): 99–128.
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JSTOR
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S2CID
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^ Jacob Lassner (1966). "Massignon and Baghdad: The Complexities of Growth in an Imperial City". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient . 9 (1/2): 1–27.
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10.2307/3596170 .
JSTOR
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^
History of Printing Timeline , American Printing History Association, retrieved 6 May 2016
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^ Jim Al-Khalili (2010), Pathfinders: the golden age of Arabic science , London: Allen Lane,
ISBN
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"Brief Observations, Forming an Appendix to the Map of Baghdad" . Transactions of the Bombay Geographical Society . 12 . Bombay.
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b George Makdisi (1959). "Topography of Eleventh Century Baġdād: Materials and Notes". Arabica . 6 (2): 178–197.
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10.1163/157005859X00334 .
JSTOR
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c Francoise Micheau (2008). "Baghdad in the Abbasid Era". The City in the Islamic World . Leiden: Koninklijke Brill.
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^
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b George Makdisi (1961). "Muslim Institutions of Learning in Eleventh-Century Baghdad". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London . 24 (1): 1–56.
doi :
10.1017/s0041977x0014039x .
JSTOR
610293 .
S2CID
154869619 .
^
"West Asia: Iraq, 1000–1400 A.D.: Key Events" . Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History . New York:
Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 3 October 2014 .
^ Michael Cooperson (1996).
"Baghdad in Rhetoric and Narrative" .
Muqarnas . 13 . Archived from
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^
Justin Marozzi (2014). Baghdad: City of Peace, City of Blood . Penguin Books Limited.
ISBN
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^ Markman Ellis (2004). The Coffee-House: a Cultural History . London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
ISBN
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^
"Bagdad" . Edinburgh Gazetteer (2nd ed.). Edinburgh:
Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green . 1829.
^
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"Bagdad" , A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
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"Baghdad" . Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia (2nd ed.). Madras: Scottish and Adelphi Press.
^ Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914: A Documentary Economic History . Oxford University Press. 1988.
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b Soli Shahvar (2003). "Tribes and Telegraphs in Lower Iraq: The Muntafiq and the Baghdad-Basrah Telegraph Line of 1863-65". Middle Eastern Studies . 39 (1): 89–116.
doi :
10.1080/00263200412331301607 .
JSTOR
4284278 .
S2CID
145792034 .
^ Lorimer (1908).
"City of Baghdad" . Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf . Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing India.
^
a
b Oliver Leaman, ed. (2001), Companion Encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African Film , Routledge,
ISBN
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^
"Baghdad" , Palestine and Syria (5th ed.), Leipzig:
Karl Baedeker , 1912
^
"Iraq Profile: Timeline" . BBC News. 16 August 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2013 .
^ Stephen Pope; Elizabeth-Anne Wheal (1995).
"Select Chronology" . Dictionary of the First World War . Macmillan.
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^
"Ministry of Electricity" . 2 April 2009. Archived from
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^ Peter Sluglett (2007), Britain in Iraq: Contriving King and Country 1914-1932 , NY: Columbia University Press,
ISBN
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World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre , London: Routledge,
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New York Times Book of World War II 1939-1945 . USA: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers.
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^
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^
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^ Douglas A. Boyd (1982). "Radio and Television in Iraq: The Electronic Media in a Transitional Arab World Country". Middle Eastern Studies . 18 (4): 400–410.
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^
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^ Orit Bashkin (2008), The other Iraq: pluralism and culture in Hashemite Iraq , Stanford, California: Stanford University Press,
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^
"Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants" . Demographic Yearbook 1975 . New York:
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
"When the Walls Come Down" . New York Times . 14 October 2009.
^
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^
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^
"Iraq election: Fire at Baghdad ballot paper depot" , BBC News , 10 June 2018
^
"A new wave of Arab protesters say, 'It's the economy, stupid!' " . CNN. 4 October 2019.
^
"Iraqi Army Ordered Out of Sadr City, Where Dozens Died at Protests" . New York Times . The Associated Press. 7 October 2019.
^
24 December 2019 | 04:13 بالصورة..رسالة الشهيد صفاء السراي تصل إلى يونس محمود بغداد بوست
Archived 11 April 2020 at the
Wayback Machine
^ AP, Qassim Abdul-Zahra.
"Iraq officials: 4 protesters killed in Baghdad clashes" . Washington Post . Retrieved 15 November 2019 .
^ Gal Perl Finkel,
Potential for strategic turns ,
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^
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^
"Country has no future': Iraqi protester killed at Baghdad rally" . ALJAZEERA News . 25 May 2021.
^
"Suicide attack in Iraq's Sadr City kills at least 35, wounds dozens -sources" . Reuters . 20 July 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021 .
Bibliography
Published in 17th–18th centuries
Published in 19th century
J.B.L.J. Rousseau (1809). Description du pachalik de Bagdad (in French).
Abraham Rees (1819),
"Bagdad" ,
The Cycloppædia , London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
Robert Ker Porter (1821),
"(Bagdad)" , Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, ancient Babylonia, &c. &c , London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown,
OCLC
5524754
Robert Mignan (1829),
"(Bagdad)" , Travels in Chaldæa , London: H. Colburn and R. Bentley
David Brewster, ed. (1830).
"Bagdad" .
Edinburgh Encyclopædia . Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
Anthony Norris Groves (1832), Journal of a residence at Bagdad during the years 1830 and 1831 , London: J. Nisbet,
OCLC
5000777 ,
OL
13493447M
"Bagdad".
American Magazine of Useful and Entertaining Knowledge . 1 . Boston: Boston Bewick Co. 1834.
hdl :
2027/hvd.hny8ty .
Josiah Conder (1834),
"Bagdad" , Dictionary of Geography, Ancient and Modern , London: T. Tegg
James Raymond Wellsted (1840),
"Bagdat" , Travels to the City of the Caliphs, along the Shores of the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean , London: H. Colburn,
OCLC
5395027
Thomas Bartlett (1841).
"Bagdad" . New Tablet of Memory; or, Chronicle of Remarkable Events . London: Thomas Kelly.
Theodore Alois Buckley (1862),
"Bagdad" , Great Cities of the Middle Ages (2nd ed.), London: Routledge, Warne, & Routledge
George Henry Townsend (1867),
"Bagdad" , A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
William Henry Overall , ed. (1870),
"Baghdad" , Dictionary of Chronology , London: William Tegg,
OCLC
2613202
Grattan Geary (1878),
"City of the Caliphs" , Through Asiatic Turkey , London: S. Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington,
OCLC
4918876
Ibn Serapion; Guy Le Strange (1895). "Description of Mesopotamia and Baghdad, written about the year 900 AD by Ibn Serapion". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society . London.
hdl :
2027/mdp.39015020450659 .
Max Freiherr von Oppenheim (1899),
"Baġdād" , Vom Mittelmeer zum Persischen Golf (in German), Berlin: D. Reimer (E. Vohsen),
OCLC
13166400
Guy Le Strange (1900),
Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate , Oxford: Clarendon Press (
Bibliography +
Index ).
Published in 20th century
"Bagdad" ,
Chambers's Encyclopaedia , London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
Pedro Teixeira (1902),
"Concerning the City of Bagdad" , The Travels of Pedro Teixeira , translated by William F. Sinclair, London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society
Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi (1904), L' introduction topographique â l'histoire de Bagdâdh d'Aboû Bakr Aḥmad ibn Thâbit al-Khatîb al-Bagdâdhî (in French), translated by George Salmon, Paris: É. Bouillon,
OCLC
23419471 ,
OL
6942714M
"Bagdad" ,
Jewish Encyclopedia , vol. 2, New York: KTAV Publishing House, 1907
"Bagdad" . Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig:
Brockhaus . 1908.
Benjamin Vincent (1910),
"Bagdad" ,
Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke ;
Peters, John Punnett (1910).
"Bagdad (city)" .
Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 3 (11th ed.). pp. 194–198.
"Baghdad" .
Encyclopaedia of Islam . E.J. Brill. 1913. p. 563?+.
ISBN
90-04-08265-4 .
Sven Hedin (1918),
"Bagdad einst und jetzt" , Bagdad, Babylon, Ninive (in German), Leipzig: Brockhaus
Abu'l-Faraj ibn al-Jawzi (1923–1924). M. Bahjat al-Atharī (ed.). Manāqib Baghdād (in Arabic). Baghdād: Maṭbaʿat Dār al-Salām.
Freya Stark (1932). Baghdad Sketches .
Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952),
"Baghdad" , Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World , New York: Columbia University Press, p. 140,
OL
6112221M
Ibn al-Banna; George Makdisi (1956–1957). "Autograph diary of an eleventh-century historian of Baghdad". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies . 18 : 9–31.
doi :
10.1017/s0041977x00122189 .
S2CID
246637775 .
"Baghdad" , Webster's Geographical Dictionary , Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, p. 92,
OL
5812502M
J. Gulick (1967). "Baghdad: portrait of a city in physical and cultural change". Journal of the American Institute of Planners . 33 (4): 246–255.
doi :
10.1080/01944366708977925 .
Jacob Lassner. The Topography of Baghdad in the Early Middle Ages. Detroit: Wayne University Press, 1970.
Gaston Wiet (1971),
Baghdad: metropolis of the Abbasid caliphate , translated by Seymour Feiler, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press,
ISBN
0-8061-0922-X
"Iraq: Baghdad" , Middle East , Australia:
Lonely Planet , 1994, p. 302+,
OL
16516298W
Hanne, Eric J. "The Caliphate revisited: The Abbasids of eleventh and twelfth century Baghdad" (PhD dissertation, University of Michigan; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1998. 9909898).
John Block Friedman; Kristen Mossler Figg (2000).
"Baghdad" . Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: an Encyclopedia . Routledge. p. 43+.
ISBN
978-1-135-59094-9 .
Stefano Bianca (2000), "Baghdad: an Arab Metropolis between Conservation and Redevelopment", Urban form in the Arab world , Verlag der Fachvereine Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zurich,
ISBN
3-7281-1972-5
Published in 21st century
External links
33°19′30″N 44°25′19″E / 33.325°N 44.422°E / 33.325; 44.422
Main districts
Baghdad above Neighborhoods