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12th century (1101–1200) (494 AH – 597 AH)
- 1101: Death of the
Fatimid
Caliph
al-Musta'li, accession of
al-Amir Bi-Ahkamillah.
- 1105: Death of the
Seljuk Sultan
Barkiyaruq, accession Of
Mehmed I of Great Seljuk.
- 1106: Death of the
Al Moravid Yusuf bin Tashfin.
- 1107: Death of the Rum Seljuk Sultan
Kilij Arslan I, succession of
Malik Shah of Rüm.
- 1108: Death of the
Zirid dynasty ruler Tamin, accession of
Yahya of Zirid.
- 1111: Persian Islamic jurist and philosopher
Al-Ghazali dies.
- 1116: Death of the Rum Seljuk Sultan Malik Shah. accession of
Mas'ud of Rüm.
- 1118: Death of the Seljuk Sultan Muhammad; accession of
Mahmud II of Great Seljuk. Death of the Abbasid Caliph
al-Mustazhir, accession of
al-Mustarshid. In Spain the Christians capture
Zaragoza.
- 1121: Death of the
Fatimid ruler
Al-Amir bi-Ahkami l-Lah, accession of
Al-Hafiz.
- 1127:
Imad ad-Din Zengi establishes the
Zengid dynasty rule In
Mosul.
- 1128: Death of the Khawarzam Shah Qutb ud Din Muhammad; accession of Atsiz.
- 1130: Death of the Seljuk Sultan
Mahmud II of Great Seljuk; accession of
Toghrül II.
- 1135: Assassination of the Abbasid Caliph
al-Mustarshid; accession of
al-Rashid. Death of the Seljuk Sultan
Toghrül II, accession of
Mas'ud of Great Seljuk.
- 1136: Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph
Al-Rashid, accession of
Al-Muqtafi.
- 1144:
Zengi captures
Edessa from the Christians,
second crusade.
- 1146: Death of
Zengi, accession of
Nur ad-Din.
- 1147: In the
Maghrib
Al Moravids overthrown by the
Almohad under
Abd al-Mu'min.
- 1148: End of the
Zirid dynasty rule' in North Africa.
Siege of Damascus repulsed, thus effectively winning the
Second Crusade.
- 1149: Death of the
Fatimid Caliph
al-Hafiz, accession of
Az-Zafir.
- 1152: Death of the Seljuk Sultan
Mas'ud of Great Seljuk, accession of
Malik Shah III. Hamadid rule extinguished in North Africa.
- 1153: Death of the Seljuk Sultan
Malik Shah III, accession of
Mehmed II of Great Seljuk.
- 1154: Death of the Fatimid Caliph
az-Zafir, accession of
Al-Faiz.
- 1156: Death of the Rum Seljuk Sultan
Mas'ud of Rüm, accession of
Kilij Arslan II.
- 1159: Death of the Seljuk Sultan
Mehmed II of Great Seljuk, accession of
Süleyman.
- 1160: Death of the
Abbasid Caliph
al-Muqtafi, accession of
al-Mustanjid. Death of the Fatimid Caliph
al-Faiz, accession of
al-Adid.
- 1161: Death of the Seljuk
Süleyman of Great Seljuk, accession of
Arslan Shah.
- 1163: Death of the
Almohad ruler
Abd al-Mu'min, accession of
Yusuf I, Almohad Caliph.
-
Ghiyath al-Din Ghori ascended the Ghurid throne.
- 1170: Death of the
Abbasid Caliph
Al-Mustanjid, accession of
Al-Mustadi.
- 1171: Death of the
Fatimid Caliph
Al-Adid. End of the Fatimid caliphate.
Saladin founds the
Ayyubid dynasty in
Egypt.
- 1172: Death of the Khawarzam Shah Arsalan, accession of Sultan Shah.
- 1173: The Khawarzam Shah Sultan Shah is overthrown by Tukush Shah,
Muhammad of Ghor crowned in
Ghazni
- 1174:
Saladin annexes Syria.
- 1175: The
Ghurid ruler
Muhammad of Ghor expeditions in Indian subcontinent begins with the conquest of
Multan from the
Ismail Muslims.
- 1176: Death of the Seljuk Sultan
Arslan Shah, accession of
Toghrül III.
- 1176: Muhammad of Ghor captured
Uch from either the
Bhati Rajputs or more likely from the
Qarmatians.
- 1178: Muhammad of Ghor routed in Mount Abu by
Chaulukya ruler
Mularaja II
- 1179: Death of the Abbasid Caliph
al-Mustadi, accession of
an-Nasir, Muhammad of Ghor annexed
Peshawar
- 1182: Muhammad of Ghor captured
Sindh
- 1185: Death of the Almohad ruler
Abu Yaqub Yusuf, accession of
Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur,
Khusrau Malik laid siege to
Sialkot, but was driven away by
Husain ibn Kharmil
- 1186: The
Ghurids overthrow the
Ghaznavid in the
Punjab.
- 1187:
Saladin recaptures Jerusalem from the Christians,
third crusade.
- 1190: Ghiyath al-Din Ghori and Muhammad Ghori along with their allies routed Sultan Shah in Battle of Merv.
- 1191:
First Battle of Tarain between the
Rajputs and the
Ghurids, where the former emerged victorious
- Khusrau Malik and his family executed in Firuzkuh
- 1192:
Second Battle of Tarain, Ghurids defeated the Rajputs.
- 1193: Death of
Saladin; accession of
Al-Aziz Uthman,
Minhaj-i-Siraj, the author of
Tabaqat i-Nasiri born.
- 1194: Occupation of
Delhi by the Muslims. End of the Seljuk rule.
- 1199: Death of the Khawarzam Shah Tukush Shah. Death of the
Almohad ruler
Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur; accession of
Muhammad an-Nasir. Conquest of
Northern India and
Bengal by the
Ghurids.
Timeline of Muslim history