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Northern Africa

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Algeria Algeria No Illegal since 1966
Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment with fines up to 10,000 dinars. [1] Torture, [2] beatings, [3] or vigilante executions are also common. 		No No No No No No
Canary Islands Canary Islands
( Autonomous community of Spain) 		Yes Legal since 1979
+ UN decl. sign. [4] 		Yes De facto unions legal since 2003 [5] Yes Legal since 2005 [6] Yes Legal since 2005 [7] [8] Yes Spain responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination [9] Yes Since 2007, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender [10]
Ceuta Ceuta
( Autonomous city of Spain) 		Yes Legal since 1979
+ UN decl. sign. [4] 		Yes De facto union since 1998 [11] Yes Legal since 2005 [6] Yes Legal since 2005 [7] Yes Spain responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes Since 2007, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender [10]
Egypt Egypt Yes/ No Ambiguous. Male de jure legal, but de facto illegal since 2000
Penalty: Up to 17 years imprisonment with or without hard labour and with or without fines under broadly-written morality laws. [4] [12] 		No No No No No No
Libya Libya No Illegal since 1953
Penalty: Up to 5 years in jail or vigilante execution. [13] [14] 		No No No No No No
Madeira Madeira
(Autonomous region of Portugal) 		Yes Legal since 1983
+ UN decl. sign. [4] 		Yes De facto union since 2001 [15] [16] Yes Legal since 2010 [17] Yes Legal since 2016 [18] [19] [20] Yes Portugal responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination. [9] Yes Since 2011, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender [21]
Melilla Melilla
( Autonomous city of Spain) 		Yes Legal since 1979
+ UN decl. sign. [4] 		Yes De facto union since 2008 [22] Yes Legal since 2005 [6] Yes Legal since 2005 [7] Yes Spain responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination [23] Yes Since 2007, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender [10]
Morocco Morocco
(including Southern Provinces) 		No Illegal since 1962
Penalty: Up to 3 to 6 years imprisonment with hard labour. [4] [24] 		No No No No No No
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
(Disputed territory; excluding Southern Provinces) 		No Illegal
Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment. [4] [25] [26] 		No No No No No No
Sudan Sudan No Illegal since 1899 (as Anglo-Egyptian Sudan)
Penalty: Life imprisonment for a third offense of anal sex. [27] 		No No No No No No
Tunisia Tunisia No Illegal since 1913 (as the French protectorate of Tunisia)
Penalty: 3 years imprisonment. [4] [28]
[29] 		No No No No No No

Western Africa

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Benin Benin Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country); [4] [30]
Age of consent discrepancy [4] 		No No No No
Burkina Faso Burkina Faso Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country) [4] No No Constitutional ban since 1991 No No
Cape Verde Cape Verde Yes Legal since 2004
+ UN decl. sign. [4] 		No No No Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination [4]
The Gambia Gambia No Illegal since 1888 (as the Gambia Colony and Protectorate)
Penalty: Up to Iife imprisonment. [4] [31] [32] 		No No No No No No Forms of gender expression criminalized since 2013 [33]
Ghana Ghana
  • No Male illegal since 1892 (as the Gold Coast)
  • Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment (repeal disputed) [34] [35]
  • Female legal, criminalisation pending 2024 [4] [32] [36] [37]
 No No No No No No
Guinea Guinea No Illegal since 1988
Penalty: 6 months to 10 years imprisonment. [38] 		No No No No No No
Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau Yes Legal since 1993 [4]
+ UN decl. sign. 		No No No No
Ivory Coast Ivory Coast Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country);
Age of consent discrepancy [4] 		No No No No
Liberia Liberia No Illegal since 1976
Penalty: 1 year imprisonment. [4] [39] (repeal disputed) 		No No No No No No
Mali Mali Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country) [4] No No Constitutional ban since 2023 [40] No No No [41]
Mauritania Mauritania No No Illegal since 1983
Penalty: Capital punishment for men, (not enforced); prison and a fine for women. [4] [42] 		No No No No No No
Niger Niger Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country);
Age of consent discrepancy [4] 		No No No No No [41]
Nigeria Nigeria No Illegal since 1904 ( Northern Region only)
Illegal since 1916 ( Region-wide)
Penalty: Up to 14 years imprisonment.
No Death in the states of Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Niger, Sokoto, Yobe, and Zamfara. (not enforced) [4] [43] [32] 		No No Statutory ban since 2013 No No No No Forms of gender expression criminalized in Sharia provinces.
Saint Helena Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
( Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) 		Yes Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign. [4] 		Yes Legal since 2017 Yes Legal since 2017 [44] [45] Yes Legal since 2017 Yes UK responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination
Senegal Senegal No Illegal since 1966
Penalty: 1 to 5 years imprisonment. [4] [46] 		No No No No No No
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone No Male illegal since 1861 (as the Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate)
Penalty: Up to life imprisonment (Not enforced, repeal disputed).
Yes Female always legal
+ UN decl. sign. [4] 		No No No No No No
Togo Togo No Illegal since 1980
Penalty: Fine and 3 years imprisonment [4] (repeal proposed) [47] 		No No No No No No

Central Africa

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Cameroon Cameroon No Illegal since 1972
Penalty: Fines to 5 years imprisonment. [4] [32] or vigilante execution and torture, [48] (repeal disputed) 		No No No No No No
Central African Republic Central African Republic Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country) [4]
+ UN decl. sign. 		No No Constitutional ban since 2016 [49] No No No [41]
Chad Chad No Illegal since 2017
Penalty: Between 3 months and 2 years in prison, with fines of 50,000 to 500,000 FCFA. (Penal Code, Chapter 2, Article 354) [50] 		No No No No No No [41]
Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country) [4] No No Constitutional ban since 2005 No No No
Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country);
Age of consent discrepancy [4] 		No No No No No [41]
Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country) [4] No No No No No [41]
Gabon Gabon Yes Legal since 2020 [51];
Age of consent discrepancy,
+ UN decl. sign. 		No No No No
São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe Yes Legal since 2012
+ UN decl. sign. [4] 		No No No No

Eastern Africa

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Burundi Burundi No Illegal since 2009
Penalty: fine, and 3 months to 2 years imprisonment. [4] [52] (repeal disputed) 		No No Constitutional ban since 2005 No No No No
Djibouti Djibouti Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country) [4] [53] No No No No No [41]
Eritrea Eritrea No Illegal
Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment. [4] [54] or vigilate execution [55] Beatings and torture are also tolerated. [56] [57] 		No No No No No No
Ethiopia Ethiopia No Illegal
Penalty: Up to 15 years. [4] (repeal disputed) [58] 		No No Statutory ban since 2009 [59] No No No No
Kenya Kenya No Illegal since 1897 (as the East Africa Protectorate)
Penalty: up to 14 years imprisonment. (repeal proposed) [4] [32] [60] 		No No Constitutional ban since 2010 [61] No No Yes/ No Limited protection following legal process by the authorities. [62] Yes [63]
Rwanda Rwanda Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country) [4]
+ UN decl. sign. 		No No Constitutional ban since 2003 No No No
Somalia Somalia No Illegal
Penalty: Up to 3 years prison.
Jubaland Jubaland No Illegal. Penalty: Up to death in Jubaland.[ citation needed] 		No No No No No No
Somaliland Somaliland
(Disputed territory) 		No Illegal
Penalty: Up to 3 years prison, sometimes death sentences. [64] 		No No No No No No
South Sudan South Sudan No Illegal since 1899 (as Anglo-Egyptian Sudan)
Penalty: Up to 10 years imprisonment. (not enforced) [4] [32] 		No No Constitutional ban since 2011[ citation needed] No No No No Forms of gender expression are criminalized.
Tanzania Tanzania No Illegal since 1864 (only Zanzibar)
Illegal since 1899
Penalty: Up to life imprisonment. [4] [32] Vigilante executions, beatings and torture [65] [66] are also tolerated. 		No No No No No No
Uganda Uganda No No Male illegal since 1902 (as Protectorate)
Female illegal since 2000
Penalty: Life imprisonment, Death penalty in some cases, Beatings, torture, or vigilante execution. [67] [68] 		No No Constitutional ban since 2005 No No No No

Indian Ocean states

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Comoros Comoros No Illegal since 1982
Penalty: 5 years imprisonment and fines. (not enforced) [4] [69] 		No No No No No No [41]
French Southern and Antarctic Lands French Southern and Antarctic Lands
(Overseas territory of France) 		Yes Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the territory) [4] 		Yes Civil solidarity pact since 1999[ citation needed] Yes Legal since 2013 Yes Legal since 2013 Yes France responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes Under French law
Madagascar Madagascar Yes Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country);
Age of consent discrepancy [4] 		No No No No
Mauritius Mauritius Yes Legal since 2023 [70]
+ UN decl. sign. 		No No No No Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination [71] [72]
Mayotte Mayotte
(Overseas region of France) 		Yes Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the region) [4] 		Yes Civil solidarity pact since 2007 Yes Legal since 2013 Yes Legal since 2013 Yes France responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes Under French law
Réunion Réunion
(Overseas region of France) 		Yes Legal since 1791 [4] Yes Civil solidarity pact since 1999 Yes Legal since 2013 Yes Legal since 2013 Yes France responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes Under French law
Seychelles Seychelles Yes Legal since 2016 [73]
+ UN decl. sign. 		No No No Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination [4]

Southern Africa

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Angola Angola Yes Legal since 2021 [74] No No No No Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination [75] May possibly change gender under the Código do Registro Civil 2015 [76]
Botswana Botswana No Legal since 2019 [77] No No No No(Only LGB) Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes Legal gender change recognized as a constitutional right since 2017 [78]
Eswatini Eswatini No Male illegal since the 1880s (not enforced, repeal proposed)
Penalty: Unknown
Yes Female always legal [4] [32] 		No No No No No No
Lesotho Lesotho Yes Male legal since 2012
Female always legal [4] 		No No No No May possibly change gender under the National Identity Cards Act 9 of 2011 [79]
Malawi Malawi No Illegal since 1891 (as British Central Africa Protectorate) [32]
Penalty: Up to 14 years imprisonment, with or without corporal punishment for men
up to 5 years imprisonment for women (repeal proposed) [4] [80] [32] [81] [82] 		No No No No No No
Mozambique Mozambique Yes Legal since 2015 [83] [84] No No No No Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination [4] [71]
Namibia Namibia No Male illegal since 1920 (not enforced; repeal proposed) [32] [85]
Penalty: Unknown
Yes Female always legal [4] [86] [87] 		No/ Yes Foreign same-sex marriages recognised. No/ Yes Foreign same-sex marriages recognised. No No Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination. [88] Yes Under the Births, Marriages and Deaths Registration Act 81 of 1963 [89]
South Africa South Africa Yes Male legal since 1998
Female always legal; equal age of consent since 2007
+ UN decl. sign. [4] 		Yes Limited recognition of unregistered partnerships since 1998; same-sex marriage since 2006 Yes Legal since 2006 Yes Legal since 2002 Yes Since 1998 Yes Constitution bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes Anti-discrimination laws are interpreted to include gender identity; legal gender may be changed after surgical or medical treatment
Zambia Zambia No Illegal since 1911 (as part of the British South Africa Company rule of Rhodesia)
Penalty: up to 14 years imprisonment. (repeal proposed) [4] [32] 		No No No No No No
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe No Male illegal since 1891 (as part of the British South Africa Company rule of Rhodesia)
Penalty: up to 14 years imprisonment. (repeal proposed)
Yes Female always legal [4] [32] 		No No Constitutional ban since 2013 [90] No No No No


References

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