As of 12 July 2024 ^[update], over 39,000 people (38,345 Palestinian ^[1] and 1,478 Israeli ^[13]) have been reported as killed in the Israel–Hamas war, including 108 journalists (103 Palestinian, 2 Israeli and 3 Lebanese) ^[14] and over 224 humanitarian aid workers, including 179 employees of UNRWA. ^[15]

The vast majority of casualties have been in the Gaza Strip. The death tolls reported by the UNOCHA come from Gaza government officials. ^[16] The breakdown of the figures in the UNOCHA report only includes casualties whose identities have been confirmed by the Gaza Health Ministry (GHM), while the overall figure is the number of deaths reported by the Gaza Government Media Office. ^[17] The GHM announced on 30 April, 2024 that 24,686 casualties had been specifically identified through hospitals, family members, and media reports; ^[18] of these, 52% were women and minors, 43% were men over 18, and 5% were not identified by age or sex. ^[19] The GHM count does not include those who have died from "preventable disease, malnutrition and other consequences of the war" ^[20] and a 2008 analysis by researchers at the Small Arms Survey suggests that total deaths caused by major conflicts were then a minimum average of five times the count of direct deaths. ^[21]

The October 7 attacks on Israel killed 1,139 people, including 764 civilians and 373 Israeli security personnel. A further 251 persons were taken hostage during the initial attack on Israel to the Gaza Strip. ^{[2] [22] [23]} A further 479 Palestinians, including 116 children, and 9 Israelis have been killed in the occupied West Bank (including East Jerusalem). ^[1] Casualties have also occurred in other parts of Israel, as well as in southern Lebanon, and Syria. ^[24]