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United States civic duties on distilled spirits
Tariff of 1791
Other short titles 1791 Excise Whiskey Tax Whiskey Tax Act of 1791 Long title An Act repealing, after the last day of June next, the duties hereto-fore laid upon Distilled Spirits imported from abroad, and laying others in their stead; and also upon Spirits distilled within the United States, and for appropriating the same. Nicknames Excise Whiskey Tax of 1791 Enacted by the
1st United States Congress Effective March 3, 1791 Public law
Pub. L. Tooltip Public Law (United States)
1–15
Statutes at Large 1
Stat.
199 , Chap. 15 Introduced in the House as H.R. 110Passed the House on January 27, 1791 (
35-21 )Passed the Senate on February 12, 1791 (
20-5 )Agreed to by the House on February 18, 1791 (
35-21 ) and by the Senate on February 23, 1791 (
14-9 )Signed into law by President
George Washington on March 3, 1791
Tariff of 1791 or Excise Whiskey Tax of 1791 was a
United States statute establishing a
taxation policy to further reduce
Colonial America
public debt as assumed by the residuals of
American Revolution . The
Act of Congress imposed
duties or
tariffs on domestic and imported
distilled spirits generating
government revenue while fortifying the
Federalist Era .
The H.R. 110 tariff legislation originated as a
panacea for the
Hamiltonian economic program . The
Debt Assumption policy was introduced as a series of public credit and national debt reports authored by
Alexander Hamilton from 1790 to 1795.
[1]
[2]
Opposition of Federalist Economic Plan
Colonial America was observant of the
militia
insurrection in response to the progressive debt collection and tax rulings charged by the
Federalist taxation plan.
Shays' Rebellion and
Whiskey Rebellion were notable
uprisings where
American colonists , often referred as the
anti-federalists , express their sentiments concerning the public debt
reconciliation plan while the newly formed government fulfilled the demands of
Funding Act of 1790 during the late 18th century.
[3] The colonial
protests were necessitated by the enforcement of the
Federalist taxation plan as submitted by Alexander Hamilton on January 14, 1790 better known as the
First Report on the Public Credit .
[4]
[5]
[6]
See also
At
Fort Cumberland , George Washington and troop formations to deter the Whiskey Rebellion
Colonial and European Ambassadors, Diplomats, Financiers, Merchants, and Statesmen
References
^ Madison, James (April 22, 1790).
"Assumption of the State Debts, 22 April 1790" . Founders Online . U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
^ Jefferson, Thomas (1790).
"Memorandum on Assumption of State Debts" . The Thomas Jefferson Papers at the Library of Congress . Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress.
^ 1st U.S. Congress (July 12, 1790).
"Senate Committee Report for Funding National Debt" . The Library of Congress. {{
cite web }}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
link )
^ Hamilton, Alexander (January 9, 1790).
"Report Relative to a Provision for the Support of Public Credit" . Alexander Hamilton Papers: Speeches and Writings File, 1778-1804 . Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress.
^ Hamilton, Alexander (January 9, 1790).
"Report Relative to a Provision for the Support of Public Credit with Enclosures, 9 January 1790" . Founders Online . U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
^ Hamilton, Alexander (December 13, 1790).
"First Report on the Further Provision Necessary for Establishing Public Credit"; Second Draft" . Alexander Hamilton Papers: Speeches and Writings File, 1778-1804 . Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress.
Associated Distilled Spirits Statutes
Chronology of 18th century colonial laws related to the duties or tariffs applied to domestic and imported
distilled
spirits .
U.S. Statutes Related to Funding the United States Debt
Date of Enactment
Public Law No.
U.S. Statute
U.S. Statute Chapter
U.S. Presidential Administration
August 10, 1790
Pub. L. Tooltip Public Law (United States)
1–39
1
Stat.
180
Chapter XXXIX
George Washington
May 8, 1792
Pub. L. Tooltip Public Law (United States)
2–32
1
Stat.
267
Chapter XXXII
George Washington
June 5, 1794
Pub. L. Tooltip Public Law (United States)
3–49
1
Stat.
378
Chapter XLIX
George Washington
June 7, 1794
Pub. L. Tooltip Public Law (United States)
3–53
1
Stat.
390
Chapter LIII
George Washington
June 1, 1796
Pub. L. Tooltip Public Law (United States)
4–49
1
Stat.
492
Chapter XLIX
George Washington
March 3, 1797
Pub. L. Tooltip Public Law (United States)
4–11
1
Stat.
504
Chapter XI
George Washington
January 29, 1798
Pub. L. Tooltip Public Law (United States)
5–10
1
Stat.
539
Chapter X
John Adams
April 7, 1798
Pub. L. Tooltip Public Law (United States)
5–25
1
Stat.
547
Chapter XXV
John Adams
18th Century Documents Related to Colonial Debt
Franklin, Benjamin (September 16, 1779).
"French Loan Certificate" . Founders Online . U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
Franklin, Benjamin (February 29, 1780).
"French Loan Certificate" . Founders Online . U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
Washington, George (January 2, 1781).
"Estimate on the National Debt" . George Washington Papers: Series 4, General Correspondence . Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress.
Franklin, Benjamin (May 15, 1781).
"French Loan Certificate" . Founders Online . U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
Jefferson, Thomas (1790).
"French Debt" . Thomas Jefferson Papers: Series 1: General Correspondence . Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress.
Jefferson, Thomas (March 11, 1792).
"Alexander Hamilton, March 11, 1792, Tariff, in Thomas Jefferson's Hand" . Thomas Jefferson Papers: Series 1: General Correspondence . Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress.
Correspondence of Alexander Hamilton & George Washington
Hamilton, Alexander (July 29, 1792).
"To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, 29 July 1792" [New Regulation of Allowances]. Founders Online . U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
Hamilton, Alexander (September 1, 1792).
"To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 1 September 1792" [Excise Law in Western Survey of District of Pennsylvania]. Founders Online . U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
Hamilton, Alexander (June 15, 1793).
"Enclosure Report on Obtaining New Foreign Loans, 15 June 1793" . Founders Online . U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
Hamilton, Alexander (April 21, 1794).
"To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 21 April 1794" [Amsterdam Commissioners Announcing the Undertaking of Loan]. Founders Online . U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
Hamilton, Alexander (April 25, 1794).
"From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 25 April 1794" [Holland Loan of 1794]. Founders Online . U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
Hamilton, Alexander (August 5, 1794).
"From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 5 August 1794" [Disagreeable Crisis in Western Counties of Pennsylvania]. Founders Online . U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
Hamilton, Alexander (September 2, 1794).
"From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 2 September 1794" [A Spirit Hostile to Execution of the Laws]. Founders Online . U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
Hamilton, Alexander (January 20, 1795).
"To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 20 January 1795" [Installment Payments of Foreign Debts]. Founders Online . U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
Bibliography
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The British Empire in America - Vol. I . Vol. I. London, G.B.: John Nicholson and Benjamin Tooke.
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Considerations Relative to the North American Colonies . London, G.B.: Henry Kent.
OCLC
83457228 – via Internet Archive.
Jenyns, Soame (1765).
Objections to the Taxation of our American Colonies, by the Legislature of Great Britain, Briefly Consider'd . London, G.B.: J. Wilkie.
OCLC
65351127 – via Internet Archive.
Hopkins, Stephen (1766).
The Grievances of the American Colonies Candidly Examined . London, G.B.: J. Almon, Opposite Burlington House in Picadilly.
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OCLC
177577 .
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"The Whiskey Insurrection: A General View" . Internet Archive . Elizabeth, Penn.: Herald Printing Co.
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9327050 .
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Historical Video Archives
External links
Works related to
Tariff of 1791 at Wikisource
Media related to
Taxation in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
Media related to
Whiskey Rebellion at Wikimedia Commons
Hoover, Michael.
"The Whiskey Rebellion" . Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau ~ Public Information . U.S. Department of the Treasury.
Knott, Stephen (4 October 2016).
"George Washington: Domestic Affairs" . Miller Center Office of Domestic Affairs . Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia.
Lucas, Stephen E. (4 November 2015).
"The Stylistic Artistry of the Declaration of Independence" . America's Founding Documents . Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
Scanlon, Donna (December 2009).
"The Whiskey Rebellion" . Business Reference Section . The Library of Congress.
Levinson, Joseph I. (April 2002).
"Temperance, Taxation, and Turmoil: Federal Regulation of Intoxicating Beverages 1789-1918" . Leadership Enterprise for a Diverse America (LEDA) at Harvard Law School . Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University.
Tillman, Benjamin R. (May 1, 1894).
"Our Whiskey Rebellion" . Internet Archive . The North American Review.
"U.S. Debt and Foreign Loans, 1775–1795" . Office of the Historian . Washington, D.C.: United States Department of State.
"The 1791 Excise Whiskey Tax" . Office of History, Art, & Archives . Washington, D.C.: United States House of Representatives. January 27, 1791.
"The Whiskey Rebellion" . MountVernon.org . Mount Vernon, Virginia: George Washington's Mount Vernon.