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Port Royal
Port Royal is not part of the town of Annapolis Royal .19960401 21:14, 6 May 2015 (UTC)
Both locations are shown on
this map. You will notice a clear distance between Annapolis Royal (
Fort Anne) and the French settlement (
Habitation at Port-Royal). These two sites are even separated by the
Annapolis River. The
Port-Royal National Historic Site (
map) is located on the northern shore of the
Annapolis Basin, while Annapolis Royal is located on the south bank of the
Annapolis River. The settlemant Charles Fort/Scots Fort (along with
Fort Anne) was established by the British on the south bank of the Annapolis River in 1629. Three years later, in 1632, the French took control over the place renaming it into Port-Royal. In 1710, the place was renamed by the British into Annapolis, now Annapolis Royal.
The confusion around the place name probably originates from the fact that in the beginning the French applied the proper noun Port Royal not to a specific site but to the
Annapolis Basin as a whole. Obviously, the French considered the mouth of the river a natural harbor (port). This could explain why the term Port Royal is only mentioned in the caption of a map from the Annapolis Basin drawn by M. Lescarbot in 1609. On the map itself, however, you won't find a place bearing that name:
Lescarbot's map from 1609. Several forts and settlements are depicted but none of them showing the above mentioned name. On the northern shore of the basin, next to the location of the present-day
Port-Royal National Historic Site, a settlement named 'Portric-court' [?] is depicted. Perhaps this place and
Habitation at Port-Royal are in fact the same.
On the south bank of the Annapolis River fortifications are visible on top of an elevation, now Annapolis Royal. These fortifications are called by the French 'Hautfort' (or something like that).
So from this it's quite obvious to me that neither the 'Habitation at Port-Royal' from 1605 nor the proper name Port Royal used for the Annapolis Basin on the French map from 1609 are pointing to the eponymous settlement 'Port Royal', established by the French in 1632 on the spot of Charles Fort/
Fort Anne. In 1710, following the
Siege of Port Royal, this place along with the river was renamed by the British into Annapolis, in honour of the reigning monarch,
Queen Anne.
In the light of the above mentioned reasons the article sentence "Today's Annapolis Royal evolved from the 1605 French settlement of Port Royal (briefly Charlesfort)" is not correct.
The settlement of Port Royal (1632-1710) evolved from the settlement Charles Fort/Scots Fort (1629-1632).
I cannot find any robust primary evidence that the French settlement on the Annapolis Basin ever used “Port Royal” as proper place name referring exclusively to the dwellings around the habitation built in 1605 or the fort built in 1629. This seems to be an interpretation starting in the late 19th century. On the contrary, the primary evidence I can find when “Port Royal” is used a proper noun is either:
- the Annapolis Basin itself. As written by Champlain in 1604 and again shown on his map of 1613 (the map from Lescarbot dated 1609 is partially fantasy, most of the features are NOT supported either by documentary or archeological evidence), or
- the seigneury. The seigneury covered a large area, as evidenced by the 17th century censuses of the period, and included the farms settled by the Melanson family, 5 kilometres away on the other side of the Annapolis Basin.
I repeat, there is no primary contemporaneous reference to historic Port Royal as a civil entity equivalent to a town.
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