Strophostyles is monophyletic three-species genus of
flowering plants in the family
Fabaceae, subfamily
Faboideae.[3][4] Common names for the genus include wild bean and fuzzybean (due to their pubescent pods and seed coverings).[4][5] It consists of annual and perennial herbaceous vines, ranging in their native distribution from Nevada, east to Florida, and north to the Great Lakes and eastern Canada.[5] The etymology of the name is strophe (turning) + stylos (style), referring to the curve of the style within the keel petal.[6]
Distinctive traits
Strophostyles is the only genus within subtribe Phaseolinae (e.g., Phaseolus, Vigna, Lablab) with a native distribution center in the United States.[7] Like other Phaseolinae, the keel petal of its papilionoid flowers are curled inward to the right, although in Strophostyles and a few other genera only the very tip of the keel is coiled.[4]
Ecology
Strophostyles typically inhabits sites near freshwater or saline reservoirs (e.g., ponds, ditches, coastal dunes, etc.), sand prairies, and ruderal sites.[4][8][9][10] The seeds are eaten by birds and rodents,[8] which may serve as a dispersal mechanism, though their distribution throughout ruderal, disturbed sites suggests unintentional human distribution as well.[4]
Ethnobotany
Strophostyles helvola has been used by
Native North Americans for food and medicine. The
Choctaw consumed boiled, mashed roots, and archaeological evidence suggests that their seeds were consumed as well, which are smaller but with a similar nutrition profile to Phaseolus vulgaris.[11][12] The
Houma made a decoction of the seeds to treat typhoid,[13] and the
Iroquois applied leaves to treat poison ivy rashes and warts.[14]
Species identification is still ambiguous due to similar morphological characters and potential interspecific hybridization.[4]
References
^Delgado-Salinas A, Thulin M, Pasquet R, Weeden N, Lavin M (2011). "Vigna (Leguminosae) sensu lato: the names and identities of the American segregate genera". Am J Bot. 98 (10): 1694–715.
doi:
10.3732/ajb.1100069.
PMID21980163.
S2CID207750926.
^Riley-Hulting ET, Delgado-Salinas A, Lavin M (2004). "Phylogenetic Systematics of Strophostyles (Fabaceae): A North American Temperate Genus within a Neotropical Diversification". Syst Bot. 29 (3): 627–653.
doi:
10.1600/0363644041744464.
JSTOR25063997.
S2CID85774146.
^
abDelgado-Salinas, A.; Thulin, M.; Pasquet, R.; Weeden, N.; Lavin, M. (2011-10-01). "Vigna (Leguminosae) sensu lato: The names and identities of the American segregate genera". American Journal of Botany. 98 (10): 1694–1715.
doi:
10.3732/ajb.1100069.
ISSN1537-2197.
PMID21980163.
S2CID207750926.
^
abcdefgRiley-Hulting, Erin T.; Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso; Lavin, Matt (2004-07-01). "Phylogenetic Systematics of Strophostyles (Fabaceae): A North American Temperate Genus Within a Neotropical Diversification". Systematic Botany. 29 (3): 627–653.
doi:
10.1600/0363644041744464.
S2CID85774146.
^
abUSDA, NRCS (n.d.).
"Strophostyles". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
^Pelotto, Juan Pablo; Del Pero Martinez, Maria A (1998). "Flavonoids in Strophostyles species and the related genus Dolichopsis (Phaseolinae, Fabaceae): Distribution and phylogenetic significance". SIDA, Contributions to Botany. 18 (1): 213–222.
JSTOR41967295.
^
abcStubbendieck, James L.; Conard, Elverne C. (1989). Common legumes of the Great Plains: an illustrated guide. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
ISBN9780803242043.
OCLC18462927.
^
abIsely, Duane (1998). Native and naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States : (exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii). Provo, Utah: Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University.
ISBN9780842523967.
OCLC40451484.
^
abMcGregor, Ronald L.; Barkley, Theodore Mitchell (1986). Flora of the Great Plains. Brooks, Ralph E., Schofield, Eileen K., McGregor, Ronald L., Barkley, T. M., Great Plains Flora Association (U.S.). Lawrence, Kansas.
ISBN978-0700602957.
OCLC13093762.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
^Bushnell Jr., David I. (1909). "The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana". SI-BAE Bulletin #48: 8.
^Speck, Frank G. (1941). "A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana". Primitive Man. 14 (4): 49–75.
doi:
10.2307/3316460.
JSTOR3316460.
^Herrick, James William (1977). Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany: PhD Thesis. p. 365.
^Steyermark, Julian A.; Yatskievych, George Alfred (1999). Steyermark's Flora of Missouri (Rev. ed.). Jefferson City, Mo.: Missouri Dept. of Conservation in cooperation with Missouri Botanical Garden Press.
ISBN9780915279135.
OCLC40988742.
^Immel, D.L. (2001).
"Plant Guide for Strophostyles helvula"(PDF). USDA, NRCS, National Plant Data Center, c/o Environmental Horticulture Department, University of California, Davis, California. Retrieved Feb 15, 2018.