This is a list of Stonehenge replicas and derivatives that seeks to collect all the non-ephemeral examples together. The fame of the prehistoric monument of
Stonehenge in
England has led to many efforts to recreate it, using a variety of different materials, around the world. Some have been carefully built as
astronomically aligned models whilst others have been examples of
artistic expression or
tourist attractions.
Astronomically aligned replicas
Australia and New Zealand
The only astronomically aligned, full-scale, "exact" replica of (a pristine) Stonehenge in natural stone (granite) is
Esperance Stonehenge at
Esperance, Western Australia. It cost over
A$250,000 to build. Some of the blocks weigh more than 50 tonnes.[1]
A full-scale replica in sandstone was started in the rural township of
Buckland in
Tasmania in the first years of the 21st century, but was demolished by order of the municipal authorities. It did not have the necessary planning approval from the local council.[citation needed]
North America
The
Maryhill Stonehenge: A full-size concrete replica of Stonehenge, as it would have been originally built, saw construction commence and had its original dedication on 4 July 1918. Built in
Maryhill, Washington by
Sam Hill, it was the first monument in the United States to honour the dead of
World War I, and specifically soldiers from
Klickitat County, Washington who had died in the still on-going war. The altar stone is 3 degrees off the alignment of the sunrise on the
Summer Solstice. The replica does not take into account the latitude difference between Stonehenge and Maryhill, throwing the alignments further off. Hill, a
Quakerpacifist, was mistakenly informed that the original Stonehenge had been used as a sacrificial site, and thus constructed the replica as a reminder that "humanity is still being sacrificed to the god of war" The monument was originally located in the centre of Maryhill, which later burned down leaving only the Stonehenge replica. There was a second formal dedication of the monument upon its completion on 30 May 1929.[3]
There is a full-scale, limestone replica of Stonehenge on private property just northeast of
Fortine, Montana, owned by inventor Jim Smith.
A Stonehenge replica is located on the campus of the
University of Texas of the Permian Basin in
Odessa,
Ector County, US. About twenty stone blocks, similar in size, shape, and appearance to the ancient Stonehenge, were unveiled in the summer of 2004.
Foamhenge is a full-size, astronomically aligned Stonehenge made out of
foam in
Virginia, US.[4]
Bamahenge is a full-size, astronomically-aligned fiberglass replica of Stonehenge located in Baldwin County, Alabama, US.[5]
British Foamhenge, a full-size, correctly aligned replica made from carpet tubes and polystyrene, was constructed for a UK TV programme titled "Stonehenge Live", broadcast in June 2005. The positions of each stone were accurately plotted using
RTK GPS, which has centimetric accuracy. The replica quickly became known as "Foamhenge". It was removed soon after filming, and the "stones" placed in storage.
Less accurate replicas
Europe
Bavarian Strawhenge; a full-size replica, was assembled in
Kemnath in
Bavaria in 2003 from 350 bales of straw and used as a music venue.[7]
Tankhenge existed in the border zone of
Berlin in the early 1990s after the collapse of the
Wall. It was constructed from three ex-Soviet armoured personnel carriers.
At the 2007
Glastonbury Festival, England, graffiti artist
Banksy constructed a "Stonehenge" made from portable toilets.
In 2012, British artist
Jeremy Deller created a life-size inflatable
bouncy castle-style replica of Stonehenge titled 'Sacrilege' which first appeared in
Greenwich Park, London and other parks in the capital; the interactive artwork has since toured nationally and internationally.[11][12][13]
Bladehenge is the name of a Charlotte Moreton sculpture located at Solstice Park,
Amesbury, 2 miles from Stonehenge, England. The final piece of the "Solstice Park Sculptures", it is inspired by aeronautical forms of propellers and turbine, with three twisting steel monoliths designed to recall Stonehenge. It was installed in 2013.[14]
Steel Henge, which is in fact made using iron ingots, at Centenary Riverside Park,
Rotherham, Yorkshire, England.[15]
Mystical Horizons, located near Carbury,
North Dakota, consists of six granite walls of varying heights that are intended to represent a 21st-century design. It functions as a working solar calendar. It was built in 2005.
Fridgehenge: another modern take on Stonehenge once existed outside of
Santa Fe, New Mexico, constructed out of junked refrigerators, known as 'Fridgehenge'. The structure was created by the artist Adam Jonas Horowitz.[21] It no longer exists: all fridges have been removed after a complaint, confirmed on 5 August 2008.
Truckhenge, "an eclectic combination of farm, salvage & recycled art ..... consists of 6 antique trucks jutting out of the ground - reminiscent of England's Stonehenge",
Topeka, Kansas[22]
Other
Stonehenge microstructure: in 2004, scientists from the
National University of Singapore created the smallest 3D replica of Stonehenge. Measuring only 80 micrometres in diameter, the Stonehenge microstructure was created by a process called silicon micromachining which uses a high-energy proton beam writer to produce 3-D microshapes and structures of high structural accuracy on the surface of materials such as silicon.[23]
In 1995, Graeme Cairns of
Hamilton, New Zealand, built a replica of Stonehenge out of 41 refrigerators at a farm in Gordonton.[24]
Hanazono Central Park (花園中央公園, south of
Hanazono Rugby Stadium, 1 Chome-1-1 松原南 Higashiosaka,
Osaka, Japan, has a Stonehenge type pedestrian park feature.
Other replicas
The rock band
Black Sabbath had a Stonehenge stage set for the 1983–1984 Born Again tour that ended up being too large to fit in most venues. This was parodied in the film This is Spinal Tap, when the band orders a Stonehenge set but it arrives in miniature due to a confusion between feet and inches.
In 2005, the archaeological television programme Time Team created a replica of a timber circle located near Woodhenge as part of the
Stonehenge Riverside Project.
In February 2010, Peter Salisbury, founder of the Michigan Druids, created a 1/3 scale replica of Stonehenge, made of snow, at the MacKay Jaycees Family Park in Grand Rapids, Michigan. It was named Snowhenge.[25]
Muchołapka, a 10 metres tall dodecagonal concrete ring structure with a diameter of 30 metres, which was built during World War II near
Ludwikowice Kłodzkie, Lower Silesia, Poland, is nicknamed "Hitler's Stonehenge". It was presumably the base of a cooling tower, but some people claim it was built for testing advanced aircraft.
[1],
[2]
Comparable archaeological sites
A henge near Stonehenge containing concentric rings of postholes for standing timbers, discovered in 1922, was named
Woodhenge by its excavators because of similarities with Stonehenge. The name woodhenge is also used for a series of
timber circles found at the
Native American site of
Cahokia (
Cahokia Woodhenge). The timber
Seahenge in
Norfolk was named as such by journalists writing about its discovery in 1998.
In November 2004, a circle of
postholes 7 metres (23 ft) in diameter was found in Russia and publicised as the Russian Stonehenge. Other prehistoric sites elsewhere, often also with proposed astronomical alignments, are often described by journalists as being that region's '"answer to Stonehenge".
In May 2006, reports emerged of an "
Amazon Stonehenge"
Calçoene, 390 kilometres from
Macapá, the capital of
Amapá state, near
Brazil's border with
French Guiana. It comprises 127 stones, possibly forming astronomical observing points.[26]
Box Tunnel, a railway tunnel on the
Great Western Main Line (GWML) between
Bath and
Chippenham, is allegedly aligned so that the sun would shine through it on Isambard Kingdom Brunel's birthday.
Manhattanhenge, in
New York City: due to the street grid's skew[clarification needed] of about 28.9° and the strict grid plan on most of
Manhattan island, the sunset is aligned with the street grid lines in May and July and the sunrise is so aligned in December and January.