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Genus of lizards
Sphaerodactylus is a
genus of
geckos from the
Americas
[2] that are distinguished from other
Gekkota by their small size, by their round, rather than vertical, eye pupils, and by each digit terminating in a single, round adhesive pad or scale, from which their name (Sphaero = round, dactylus = finger) is derived. All
species in this genus are rather small, but two species,
S. ariasae and
S. parthenopion , are tiny, and – with a snout-vent length of about 1.6 cm (0.63 in) – the smallest
reptiles in the world.
[3]
Fossil record
Fossil remains referred to Sphaerodactylus have been recovered from
Dominican amber .
[4]
Species
The following 108 species are recognized as being valid.
[5]
Sphaerodactylus alphus
McCranie &
Hedges , 2013 - Guanaja large-scaled geckolet
Sphaerodactylus altavelensis
Noble , 1933 - Alto Velo least gecko, Alto Velo sphaero
Sphaerodactylus argivus
Garman , 1888 - Cayman least gecko
Sphaerodactylus argus
Gosse , 1850 - ocellated gecko, ocellated sphaero, stippled sphaero
Sphaerodactylus ariasae Hedges &
Thomas , 2001 - Jaragua sphaero, Jaragua dwarf gecko
Sphaerodactylus armasi
Schwartz &
Garrido , 1974 - Guantanamo least gecko, Guantanamo coastal gecko
Sphaerodactylus armstrongi Noble, 1933 - Armstrong's least gecko, southern forest geckolet
Sphaerodactylus asterulus Schwartz &
Graham , 1980 - Haitian least gecko
Sphaerodactylus beattyi
Grant , 1937 - Saint Croix's sphaero, Beatty's least gecko
Sphaerodactylus becki
Schmidt , 1919 - Beck's least gecko
Sphaerodactylus bromeliarum
G. Peters & Schwartz, 1977 - El Yunque least gecko
Sphaerodactylus caicosensis
Cochran , 1934 - Caicos banded sphaero, Caicos least gecko
Sphaerodactylus callocricus Schwartz, 1976 - rough-banded sphaero, callous least gecko
Sphaerodactylus celicara Garrido & Schwartz, 1982 - Baracoan eyespot sphaero
Sphaerodactylus cinereus
Wagler , 1830 - gray gecko
Sphaerodactylus clenchi
Shreve , 1968 - peninsula least gecko
Sphaerodactylus cochranae
Ruibal , 1946 - Cochran's least gecko
Sphaerodactylus continentalis
F. Werner , 1896 - upper Central American geckolet
Sphaerodactylus copei
Steindachner , 1867 - Cope's least gecko
Sphaerodactylus corticola Garman, 1888 - central Bahamas sphaero, Rum Cay least gecko
Sphaerodactylus cricoderus Thomas, Hedges & Garrido, 1992 - Turquino collared sphaero
Sphaerodactylus cryphius Thomas & Schwartz, 1977 - Bakoruco least gecko
Sphaerodactylus dacnicolor
Barbour , 1910 - Jamaican tailspot sphaero, eastern Jamaican sharpnosed sphaero
Sphaerodactylus darlingtoni Shreve, 1968 - Darlington's least gecko
Sphaerodactylus difficilis Barbour, 1914 - Hispaniolan eyespot sphaero, difficult least gecko
Sphaerodactylus dimorphicus
Fong &
Díaz , 2004 - Santiago de Cuba geckolet
Sphaerodactylus docimus Schwartz & Garrido, 1985 - Cabo Cruz banded sphaero
Sphaerodactylus dunni Schmidt, 1936 - Dunn's least gecko
Sphaerodactylus elasmorhynchus Thomas, 1966 - Marche Leon least gecko, snout-shield sphaero
Sphaerodactylus elegans
Macleay , 1834 - ashy gecko
Sphaerodactylus elegantulus Barbour, 1917 - Antigua least gecko
Sphaerodactylus epiurus Thomas & Hedges, 1993 - Hispaniolan tailspot sphaero
Sphaerodactylus exsul Barbour, 1914 - Swan Islands geckolet
Sphaerodactylus fantasticus
A.M.C. Duméril &
Bibron , 1836 - fantastic least gecko
Sphaerodactylus gaigeae Grant, 1932 -chevronated sphaero, Gaige's least gecko
Sphaerodactylus gilvitorques
Cope , 1862 - Jamaican collared sphaero, Jamaican least gecko
Sphaerodactylus glaucus Cope, 1866 - collared dwarf gecko, least gecko
Sphaerodactylus goniorhynchus Cope, 1895 - Jamaican forest sphaero, Cakoarita least gecko
Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis Stejneger, 1904 - big-scaled least gecko, big-scaled dwarf gecko, cotton ginner
Sphaerodactylus graptolaemus
Harris &
Kluge , 1984 - Costa Rica least gecko
Sphaerodactylus guanajae McCranie & Hedges, 2012 - Guanaja head-spotted geckolet
Sphaerodactylus heliconiae Harris, 1982
Sphaerodactylus homolepis Cope, 1886 - Caribbean least gecko
Sphaerodactylus inaguae
Noble , 1932
[6] - Inagua sphaero, Inagua least gecko
Sphaerodactylus inigoi Thomas & Schwartz, 1966 - Isla Vieques dwarf gecko
Sphaerodactylus intermedius Barbour &
Ramsden , 1919 - Mantanzas least gecko
Sphaerodactylus kirbyi
Lazell , 1994 - Bequia dwarf gecko, Bequia sphaero, Grenadines sphaero
Sphaerodactylus klauberi Grant, 1931 -
Klauber's dwarf gecko, Klauber's least gecko, Puerto Rican highland sphaero
Sphaerodactylus ladae Thomas & Hedges, 1988 - Martin Garcia least gecko
Sphaerodactylus lazelli Shreve, 1968 - Cap-Haitien least gecko
Sphaerodactylus leonardovaldesi McCranie & Hedges, 2012
Sphaerodactylus leucaster Schwartz, 1973 - eastern least gecko
Sphaerodactylus levinsi
Heatwole , 1968 - Desecheo gecko, Isla Desecheo least gecko
Sphaerodactylus lineolatus
Lichtenstein &
von Martens , 1856 - Panama least gecko
Sphaerodactylus macrolepis
Günther , 1859 - big-scaled least gecko, big-scaled dwarf gecko, cotton ginner
Sphaerodactylus mariguanae Cochran, 1934 - southern Bahamas sphaero, Mayaguana least gecko
Sphaerodactylus microlepis
J.T. Reinhardt &
Lütken , 1862 - little-scaled least gecko
Sphaerodactylus micropithecus Schwartz, 1977 - Monito gecko
Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus
Hallowell , 1861 - spotted least gecko
Sphaerodactylus molei
Boettger , 1894 - Tobago least gecko
Sphaerodactylus monensis
Meerwarth , 1901 - Mona least gecko
Sphaerodactylus nicholsi Grant, 1931 - Nichols least gecko, Nichol's dwarf sphaero, Puerto Rican crescent sphaero
Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus
Gray , 1845 - black-spotted least gecko, three-banded sphaero
Sphaerodactylus notatus
Baird , 1859 - reef gecko, brown-speckled sphaero
Sphaerodactylus nycteropus Thomas & Schwartz, 1977 - Morne Dubois least gecko
Sphaerodactylus ocoae Schwartz, 1977 - Peravia least gecko
Sphaerodactylus oliveri Grant, 1944 - Juventud least gecko
Sphaerodactylus omoglaux Thomas, 1982 - Fond Parisien least gecko
Sphaerodactylus oxyrhinus Gosse, 1850 - Jamaican sharpnosed sphaero
Sphaerodactylus pacificus
Stejneger , 1903 - Pacific least gecko
Sphaerodactylus parkeri (Grant, 1939) - Parker's least gecko, southern Jamaica banded sphaero
Sphaerodactylus parthenopion Thomas, 1965 - Virgin Islands dwarf sphaero, Virgin Gorda least gecko, Virgin Islands dwarf gecko
Sphaerodactylus parvus
King , 1962 - Anguilla Bank geckolet
Sphaerodactylus perissodactylius Thomas & Hedges, 1988 - Dominican least gecko
Sphaerodactylus phyzacinus Thomas, 1964 - Les Saintes geckolet
Sphaerodactylus pimienta Thomas, Hedges & Garrido, 1998 - pepper sphaero, Cuban pepper sphaero
Sphaerodactylus plummeri Thomas & Hedges, 1992 - Barahona big-scaled sphaero
Sphaerodactylus poindexteri McCranie & Hedges, 2013 - Utila small-scaled geckolet
Sphaerodactylus ramsdeni Ruibal, 1959 - Ramsden's least gecko
Sphaerodactylus randi Shreve, 1968 - Pedernales least gecko
Sphaerodactylus rhabdotus Schwartz, 1970 - two-striped sphaero, Vallede Neiba least gecko
Sphaerodactylus richardi Hedges & Garrido, 1993 - Richard's banded sphaero, Zapata big-scaled sphaero
Sphaerodactylus richardsonii Gray, 1845 - Richardson's least gecko, northern Jamaica banded sphaero
Sphaerodactylus roosevelti Grant, 1931 - Roosevelt's beige sphaero, Roosevelt's least gecko
Sphaerodactylus rosaurae
Parker , 1940 - Bay Island least gecko
Sphaerodactylus ruibali Grant, 1959 - Ruibal's least gecko
Sphaerodactylus sabanus Cochran, 1938 - Saba least gecko
Sphaerodactylus samanensis Cochran, 1932 - Samana least gecko
Sphaerodactylus savagei Shreve, 1968 - Altagracia speckled sphaero, Savage's least gecko
Sphaerodactylus scaber Barbour & Ramsden, 1919 - double-collared sphaero, Camaguey least gecko
Sphaerodactylus scapularis Boulenger, 1902 - Boulenger's least gecko
Sphaerodactylus schuberti Thomas & Hedges, 1998 - Neiba agave geckolet, Neiba agave sphaero, Schubert's least gecko
Sphaerodactylus schwartzi Thomas, Hedges & Garrido, 1992 - Guantanamo collared sphaero, Monitongas collared geckolet, Schwartz's dwarf gecko
Sphaerodactylus semasiops Thomas, 1975 - Cockpit eyespot sphaero, Cockpit least gecko
Sphaerodactylus shrevei Lazell, 1961 - Shreve's least gecko
Sphaerodactylus siboney Fong & Diaz, 2004 - Siboney gray-headed geckolet
Sphaerodactylus sommeri Graham, 1981 - TerreNueve least gecko,
Terre-Neuve least gecko, northwest Haitian banded geckolet
Sphaerodactylus sputator (
Sparrman , 1784) - island least gecko
Sphaerodactylus storeyae Grant, 1944 - Isle of Pines sphaero, Los Canarreos sphaero
Sphaerodactylus streptophorus Thomas & Schwartz, 1977 - Hispaniola least gecko, Hispaniolan small-eared sphaero
Sphaerodactylus thompsoni Schwartz &
Franz , 1976 - Thompson's least gecko, Barahona limestone sphaero
Sphaerodactylus torrei Barbour, 1914 - Barbour's least gecko, Cuban broad-banded geckolet
Sphaerodactylus townsendi Grant, 1931 - Townsend's least gecko, Townsend's dwarf sphaero, Puerto Rican sandy geckolet
Sphaerodactylus underwoodi Schwartz, 1968 - Underwood's least gecko, Turks Islands geckolet
Sphaerodactylus verdeluzicola
Díaz-Lameiro ,
Villamil ,
Gamble ,
Pinto ,
Herrera-Martínez , Thomas,
Bernstein ,
Titus-McQuillan ,
Nielsen ,
Agosto-Torres ,
Puente-Rolón ,
Bird-Picó ,
Oleksyk ,
Martínez-Cruzado &
Daza , 2022 - Puerto Rican karst gecko
Sphaerodactylus vincenti Boulenger, 1891 - Vincent's least gecko, Central Lesser Antillean sphaero, Windward geckolet
Sphaerodactylus williamsi Thomas & Schwartz, 1983 - Williams's least gecko, Haitian striped geckolet
Sphaerodactylus zygaena Schwartz, 1977 - Dame-Marie least gecko, Tiburon coastal geckolet
Nota bene : A
binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Sphaerodactylus .
References
^ "Sphaerodactylus ". ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System). www.itis.gov.
^
Gamble T ,
Bauer AM ,
Colli GR ,
Greenbaum E ,
Jackman TR ,
Vitt LJ ,
Simons AM (2011). "Coming to America: Multiple Origins of New World Geckos". Journal of Evolutionary Biology 24 : 231–244.
^ Pennsylvania State University (2001).
World's Smallest Lizard Discovered in the Caribbean
Archived 2009-02-02 at the
Wayback Machine . Accessed 26 January 2009.
^
Poinar, George O. ;
Poinar, Roberta (1999).
The Amber Forest: A Reconstruction of a Vanished World . Princeton University Press.
ISBN
978-0-691-05728-6 .
^ Genus
Sphaerodactylus at
The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.
^
Noble GK ,
Klingel GC (1932). "The Reptiles of Great Inagua Island, British West Indies". American Museum Novitates (549): 1–25.
[1]
[2]
Further reading
Schwartz A ,
Thomas R (1975). A Check-list of West Indian Amphibians and Reptiles . Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication No. 1. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania:
Carnegie Museum of Natural History . 216 pp. (Sphaerodactylus , pp. 142–164).
Wagler J (1830). Natürliches System der AMPHIBIEN, mit vorangehender Classification der SÄUGTHIERE und VÖGEL. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie . Munich, Stuttgart and Tübingen: J.G. Cotta. vi + 354 pp. + one plate. (Sphaerodactylus , new genus, p. 143). (in German and Latin).
External links