Manufacturer | Korolev |
---|---|
Country of origin | USSR |
Operator | Soviet space program |
Applications | Carry three cosmonauts to Salyut and Mir space stations and back |
Specifications | |
Regime | Low Earth orbit |
Production | |
Status | Out of service |
Launched | 18 |
Maiden launch | 4 April 1978 ( Kosmos 1001) |
Last launch | 16 March 1986 ( Soyuz T-15) |
Related spacecraft | |
Derived from |
Soyuz 7K-TM ( Soyuz 7K-T) Military Soyuz |
Derivatives | Soyuz-TM |
The Soyuz-T ( Russian: Союз-T, Union-T) spacecraft was the third generation Soyuz spacecraft, in service for seven years from 1979 to 1986. The T stood for transport (транспортный, Transportny). The revised spacecraft incorporated lessons learned from the Apollo Soyuz Test Project, Soyuz 7K-TM and Military Soyuz.
The Soyuz-T was a major upgrade over previous Soyuz spacecraft, sporting solid-state electronics for the first time and a much more advanced onboard computer to help overcome the chronic docking problems that affected cosmonauts during space station missions. In addition, solar panels returned, allowing the Soyuz-T to fly up to 11 days independently as well as a redesigned propulsion system, the KTDU-426. Finally, it could carry three cosmonauts with pressure suits.
Mission | Crew | Notes | Duration |
---|---|---|---|
Kosmos 1001 | None | [1] | 11 days |
Kosmos 1074 | None | Last Soyuz spacecraft with a Kosmos designation [1] | 60 days |
Soyuz T-1 | None | Uncrewed test flight to Salyut 6 [1] | 100 days |
Soyuz T-2 |
Yury Malyshev Vladimir Aksyonov |
Crewed test flight. Delivered the EP-6 crew to Salyut 6 [2] | 4 days |
Soyuz T-3 |
Leonid Kizim Oleg Makarov Gennady Strekalov |
Delivered the EO-5 crew to Salyut 6. First Soyuz mission with a three cosmonaut crew since the fatal flight of Soyuz 11 [3] | 13 days |
Soyuz T-4 |
Vladimir Kovalyonok Viktor Savinykh |
Delivered the EO-6 crew to Salyut 6 [4] | 75 days |
Soyuz T-5 |
Anatoli Berezovoy Valentin Lebedev |
Delivered the EO-1 crew to Salyut 7. Both Berezovoy and Lebedev returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-7 after 211 days in space [5] | 106 days |
Soyuz T-6 |
Vladimir Dzhanibekov Aleksandr Ivanchenkov Jean-Loup Chrétien |
Delivered the EP-1 crew to Salyut 7. Chrétien becomes the first French citizen in space [6] | 8 days |
Soyuz T-7 |
Leonid Popov Aleksandr Serebrov Svetlana Savitskaya |
Delivered the EP-2 crew to Salyut 7. Savitskaya becomes the second woman in space after Valentina Tereshkova in 1963. All cosmonauts returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-5 after 8 days in space [7] | 113 days |
Soyuz T-8 |
Vladimir Titov Gennady Strekalov Aleksandr Serebrov |
Failed to reach Salyut 7 after its Igla docking system was damaged during launch [8] | 2 days |
Soyuz T-9 |
Vladimir Lyakhov Aleksandr Aleksandrov |
Delivered the EO-2 crew to Salyut 7 [9] | 149 days |
Soyuz T-10-1 |
Vladimir Titov Gennadi Strekalov |
Failed to reach Salyut 7 after its carrier rocket caught fire and exploded, thus activating its launch escape system [10] | 5 minutes and 13 seconds |
Soyuz T-10 |
Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov Oleg Atkov |
Delivered the EO-3 crew to Salyut 7. All cosmonauts returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-11 after 237 days in space [11] | 63 days |
Soyuz T-11 |
Yuri Malyshev Gennady Strekalov Rakesh Sharma |
Delivered the EP-3 crew to Salyut 7. Sharma becomes first Indian citizen in space. All cosmonauts returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-10 after 8 days in space [12] | 182 days |
Soyuz T-12 |
Vladimir Dzhanibekov Svetlana Savitskaya Igor Volk |
Delivered the EP-4 crew to Salyut 7 [13] | 12 days |
Soyuz T-13 |
Vladimir Dzhanibekov Viktor Savinykh |
Delivered the EO-4a crew to Salyut 7. Repaired the crippled station during their stay. Savinykh returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-14 after 168 days in space [14] | 112 days |
Soyuz T-14 |
Vladimir Vasyutin Georgi Grechko Alexander Volkov |
Delivered the EO-4b and EP-5 crew to Salyut 7. Grechko returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-13 after 9 days in space. Mission ended prematurely after Vasyutin fell ill aboard the station [15] | 65 days |
Soyuz T-15 |
Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov |
Delivered the EO-5/1 crew to Salyut 7 and Mir. Only crewed spaceflight to visit two space stations simultaneously [16] | 125 days |