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With about 750
Redshirts able to fight, along with some 3,000 picciotti (Sicilian volunteer
guerrillas),[1] on 27 May Garibaldi attacked the Sicilian capital of Palermo, held by a garrison of 18,000 to 22,000
Bourbon Army soldiers under the incompetent command of General
Ferdinando Lanza.[2][1][3] A significant portion of the 180,000 residents of Palermo rallied to Garibaldi, including about 2,000 prisoners released from local jails.[2] On the first day of fighting, Bourbon forces were driven back from a number of key positions.[2] Lanza then ordered the
shelling of the part of the city that had been captured by Garibaldi's forces, causing the death of around 600 civilians by the end of the siege.[2]
By May 28, Garibaldi controlled much of Palermo, and the next day his volunteers repelled a counterattack.[2] However, with the arrival of two battalions of well-trained
Bavarian mercenaries to
relieve the Bourbon garrison, the battle turned against Garibaldi, whose troops were nearly out of ammunition.[2] Nevertheless, Lanza surrendered the city on 30 May.[2] Garibaldi sent his son
Menotti to watch the garrison's surrender,[4] and an
armistice was quickly signed with the mediation of British admiral
Rodney Mundy.[2] Finally, a convention on 6 June arranged for the withdrawal by sea of about 22,000 Bourbon troops, on 19 June.[2]