From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
An social class in Late Ottoman and British Mandate Palestine
Rural notables, as
individuals, or the rural notability as a
collective, was a
social class of local
notables (known in
Arabic as a'yan-, wujaha'-, zu'ama- rifiyya, qarawiyya, mahaliyya) in late
Ottoman and
British Mandate
Palestine, with equivalent groups developing throughout the
Levant.
[1] Most rural notables originated in, and belonged to, the
fellahin/
peasantry class, forming a lower-echelon
land-owning
gentry in Palestine's post-
Tanzimat
countryside and emergent
towns.
[2] Numerically, rural notables form the majority of Palestinian
elites, although certainly not the richest.
[3]
In contrast to urban elites traditionally made of city-dwelling
merchants (tujjar),
[4] clerics ('
ulema),
ashraf,
military officers, and governmental
functionaries,
[5]
[6]
[7] the rural notability was composed of rural
sheikhs,
village or
clan
mukhtars. Rural notables took advantage of changing legal, administrative and political conditions, and
global economic realities, to achieve socio-economic and political ascendancy using
households,
marriage alliances and
networks of patronage.
[3] Over all, they played a leading role in the development of modern Palestine into the late 20th century.
[8]
References
-
^ Batatu, Hanna (2012-09-17),
"Syria's Peasantry, the Descendants of Its Lesser Rural Notables, and Their Politics", Syria's Peasantry, the Descendants of Its Lesser Rural Notables, and Their Politics, Princeton University Press,
doi:
10.1515/9781400845842/html,
ISBN
978-1-4008-4584-2, retrieved 2024-05-03
-
^
"Landed Property and Elite Conflict in Ottoman Tulkarm". Institute for Palestine Studies. Retrieved 2024-05-03.
- ^
a
b
Marom, Roy (April 2024).
"The Palestinian Rural Notables' Class in Ascendency: The Hannun Family of Tulkarm (Palestine)".
Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies. 23 (1): 77–108.
doi:
10.3366/hlps.2024.0327.
ISSN
2054-1988 – via Academia.
-
^ Gilbar, Gad (2022-10-31).
Trade and Enterprise: The Muslim Tujjar in the Ottoman Empire and Qajar Iran, 1860-1914. London: Routledge.
doi:
10.4324/9781003177425/trade-enterprise-gad-gilbar.
ISBN
978-1-003-17742-5.
-
^ Gelvin, James L. (2006).
"The "Politics of Notables" Forty Years After". Middle East Studies Association Bulletin. 40 (1): 19–29.
ISSN
0026-3184.
-
^ Cleveland, William L. (1989). Muslih, Muhammad Y. (ed.).
"Politics of the Notables". Journal of Palestine Studies. 18 (3): 142–144.
doi:
10.2307/2537348.
ISSN
0377-919X.
-
^ Toledano, Ehud R.
"Ehud R. Toledano, "The Emergence of Ottoman-Local Elites (1700-1800): A Framework for Research," in I. Pappé and M. Ma'oz (eds.), Middle Eastern Politics and Ideas: A History from within, London and New York: Tauris Academic Studies, 1997, 145-162".
-
^
"The Dynamics of Palestinian Elite Formation". Institute for Palestine Studies. Retrieved 2024-05-03.