Rousseau is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Henri Rousseau (1844–1910), French naive painter, also known as Douanier Rousseau
• Jacques Rousseau (painter) (1630–1693), French painter
• Jeanne Rij-Rousseau (1870–1956), French painter and art theorist
• Jean Simeon Rousseau de la Rottière (1747–1820), French decorative painter
• Philippe Rousseau (1816–1887), French still life painter
• Samuel Rousseau (artist) (born 1971), French artist
• Théodore Rousseau (1812–1867), French painter

• Jean-Baptiste Rousseau (1671–1741), French poet
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778), Genevan author and philosopher
• Nita Rousseau (1949–2003), French writer

• Charles M. Rousseau (1848–1918), Belgium-born American architect
• Oliver Rousseau (1891–1977), American architect, real estate developer, and builder

• Eugene Rousseau (saxophonist) (born 1932), American saxophonist
• Frederick Rousseau (born 1958), French musician
• Jean Rousseau (violist) (1644–1699), French musician and author
• Samuel Rousseau (composer) (1853-1904), French composer

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau (director) (1946-2014), Belgian film director
• Serge Rousseau (1930–2007), French film and television actor
• Stéphane Rousseau (born 1966), Canadian actor

• Jeannie Rousseau (1919-2017), French Resistance fighter and spy
• Lawrence Rousseau (1790–1866), United States Navy and Confederate States Navy officer
• Lovell Rousseau (1818–1869), American general

• André Rousseau (1911–2002), Quebec politician and businessman
• Roger Rousseau (1921–1986), Canadian ambassador

• Cecil C. Rousseau (1938–2020), American mathematician
• Denis Rousseau, American scientist
• Frederic Rousseau, Belgian molecular biologist
• Judith Rousseau, French statistician

• Alex Rousseau (water polo) (born 1967), American water polo player
• Bobby Rousseau (born 1940), Canadian ice hockey player
• Eugène Rousseau (chess player) (c.1810–1870), French chess player
• Florian Rousseau (born 1974), French cyclist
• Gregory Rousseau (born 2000), American football player
• Maurice Rousseau (1906-1977), French Olympic gymnast
• Michel Rousseau (cyclist) (1936–2016), French amateur track cyclist
• Odette Rousseau (1927-2012), French parachutist
• Jacques Rousseau (athlete) (born 1951), French track and field athlete
• Vincent Rousseau (born 1962), Belgian runner
• Yves Rousseau, French aviator

• Domaine Armand Rousseau, wine producer in Burgundy, France
• Isaac Rousseau (1672–1747), Genevan master clockmaker and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's father
• Philip Rousseau, scholar of early Christianity
• Samuel Rousseau (1763–1820), British printer and Orientalist scholar

• Alexandra Rousseau, daughter of Danielle Rousseau on the American TV show Lost
• Danielle Rousseau

• Rossouw, an Afrikaans surname derived from the French surname

Surname list

This page lists people with the surname Rousseau.
If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name(s) to the link.