Riccardo Bauer (1896–1982) was an Italian anti-fascist journalist and political figure. He was one of the early Italians who fought against Benito Mussolini's rule. ^[1] Due to his activities Bauer was imprisoned for a long time and was freed only after the collapse of the Fascist rule in 1943.

Biography

Riccardo Bauer was born in Milan on 6 January 1896. ^[2] His parents were Francesco who was from Bohemia and Giuseppina Cairoli. ^[2] In 1922 he began to collaborate with La Rivoluzione Liberale, an anti-Fascist magazine by Piero Gobetti. ^[2] In July 1924 he founded an anti-fascist magazine, Il Caffè, which existed until May 1925. ^[3] In 1926 Bauer helped Filippo Turati's escape from Milan to Paris due to the oppression of the Fascist rule. ^[2] The same year Bauer was arrested and was in prison for seven months. ^[2] Then he was sentenced to two years of confinement first on the island of Ustica and then in Lipari between January and 10 April 1928. ^[2] Back in Milan, Bauer resumed his activities and founded the Giustizia e Libertà movement with Ernesto Rossi which laid the basis of the Action Party. ^{[4] [5]} On 30 November 1930 Bauer, Ferruccio Parri and Umberto Ceva were arrested. ^[4] Bauer was sentenced to 20 years in prison and was released only after the end of the Fascist rule on 25 July 1943. ^[2]

In November 1943 Bauer was elected as a board member and the chairman of the board of the Action Party in the first convention held in Florence in secret. ^{[2] [6]} Bauer was one of the leaders of the armed Giustizia e Libertà units operating in Rome. ^[2] Together with Giorgio Amendola and Sandro Pertini, he was part of its central military committee. ^[2] Following the end of Fascist rule Bauer became one of the leading figures of the Action Party in Rome. ^[7] He was president of the Humanitarian Society in Milan from 1950 to 1969. ^{[2] [8]} He died at a clinic in Milan on 15 October 1982. ^[5]

References