Renshi (連詩, renshi, "linked poetry") is a form of collaborative poetry pioneered by Makoto Ōoka in the 1980s. [1] [2] It is a development of traditional Japanese renga and renku, but unlike these it does not adhere to traditional strictures on length, rhythm, and diction.[ citation needed] Renshi are typically composed by a group of Japanese and foreign poets collaborating in the writing process in sessions lasting several days. [1] In addition to Ooka, poets who have participated in renshi include James Lasdun, Charles Tomlinson, Hiromi Itō, Shuntarō Tanikawa, Jerome Rothenberg, Joseph Stanton, Wing Tek Lum, Karin Kiwus and Mikirō Sasaki. [1] [2]