RNCHAMPS (pronounced "R, N, champs") is a mnemonic acronym used to recall the types of shock. The mnemonic is alternately known as CRAMPS NH ("Cramps, New Hampshire") or NH-CRAMPS ("New Hampshire cramps"). [1] Its utility in distinguishing types of shock has been discussed in medical literature and reference material concerning emergency medicine, [1] emergency medical services, [2] fire rescue, [3] and specialized courses such as the Comprehensive Advanced Life Support Program. [4]
Component of acronym | Examples: Traumatic Causes | Examples: Medical Causes | |
---|---|---|---|
R | Respiratory | Flail chest; tension pneumothorax; pleural effusion [2] | Hypoxemia due to COPD, asthma, pulmonary edema [2] |
N | Neurogenic | Traumatic brain injury; cervical or high thoracic spinal cord injury | |
C | Cardiogenic | Cardiac tamponade; tension pneumothorax; pulmonary embolism [5] | Left ventricular myocardial infarction; cardiomyopathy; bradydysrhythmias [5] [6] |
H | Hypovolemic | Hemorrhage; burns (due to third spacing) [6] | Dehydration; diarrheal diseases; aortic aneurysm [6] |
A | Anaphylactic | Anaphylaxis [7] | |
M | Metabolic | Hypoventilation due to traumatic brain injury or tension pneumothorax [8] | Diabetic ketoacidosis; hypoventilation due to COPD, asthma, or severe pneumonia [8] |
P | Psychogenic | Sudden emotional stimulus, i.e. terror, elation, or surprise [6] | |
S | Septic | Osteomyelitis; infections secondary to burns [9] | Meningitis; bacteremia; pyelonephritis; upper respiratory infection [9] |
The Comprehensive Advanced Life Support (CALS) Program uses a slightly different acronym called "SHRIMPCAN." [4] This acronym adds the letter "I", which stands for "Ingestions" (drug overdoses). The remainder of the letters in the acronym stand for the same components as the RNCHAMPS mnemonic. [4]
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