From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Microorganisms giving mental health effects
Psychobiotics is a term used in preliminary research to refer to
live bacteria that, when ingested in appropriate amounts, might confer a
mental health benefit by affecting
microbiota of the host organism.
[1] Whether bacteria might play a role in the
gut-brain axis is under research. A 2020 literature review suggests that the consumption of psychobiotics could be considered as a viable option to restore mental health
[2] although lacking
randomized controlled trials on clear mental health outcomes in humans.
[3]
[4]
Types
Fructans
In experimental probiotic psychobiotics, the bacteria most commonly used are
gram-positive bacteria , such as
Bifidobacterium and
Lactobacillus families, as these do not contain
lipopolysaccharide chains, reducing the likelihood of an
immunological response .
[1]
Prebiotics are substances, such as
fructans and
oligosaccharides , that induce the growth or activity of beneficial
microorganisms , such as bacteria on being
fermented in the gut.
[1]
[5] Multiple bacterial species contained in a single probiotic broth is known as a polybiotic.
[6]
Research
A 2021 review showed that treating anxiety in young people with psychobiotics had no significant effect.
[7] There is a need for more diverse human studies, mainly because those that exist have contradictory outcomes.
[3]
[4]
[7]
Species
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Several species of bacteria have been used in probiotic psychobiotic research:
[6]
[8]
References
^
a
b
c Sarkar A, Lehto SM, Harty S, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Burnet PW (November 2016).
"Psychobiotics and the Manipulation of Bacteria-Gut-Brain Signals" . Trends in Neurosciences . 39 (11): 763–81.
doi :
10.1016/j.tins.2016.09.002 .
PMC
5102282 .
PMID
27793434 .
^ Del Toro-Barbosa, M.; Hurtado-Romero, A.; Garcia-Amezquita, L. E.; García-Cayuela, T. (2020).
"Psychobiotics: Mechanisms of Action, Evaluation Methods and Effectiveness in Applications with Food Products" . Nutrients . 12 (12): 3896.
doi :
10.3390/nu12123896 .
PMC
7767237 .
PMID
33352789 .
^
a
b Romijn AR, Rucklidge JJ (October 2015).
"Systematic review of evidence to support the theory of psychobiotics" . Nutrition Reviews . 73 (10): 675–93.
doi :
10.1093/nutrit/nuv025 .
PMID
26370263 .
^
a
b Liu B, He Y, Wang M, Liu J, Ju Y, Zhang Y, Liu T, Li L, Li Q (July 2018).
"Efficacy of probiotics on anxiety-A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials" . Depression and Anxiety . 35 (10): 935–45.
doi :
10.1002/da.22811 .
PMID
29995348 .
S2CID
51615532 .
^ Hutkins RW, Krumbeck JA, Bindels LB, Cani PD, Fahey G, Goh YJ, Hamaker B, Martens EC, Mills DA, Rastal RA, Vaughan E, Sanders ME (February 2016).
"Prebiotics: why definitions matter" . Current Opinion in Biotechnology . 37 : 1–7.
doi :
10.1016/j.copbio.2015.09.001 .
PMC
4744122 .
PMID
26431716 .
^
a
b Bambury A, Sandhu K, Cryan JF, Dinan TG (December 2018).
"Finding the needle in the haystack: systematic identification of psychobiotics" . British Journal of Pharmacology . 175 (24): 4430–38.
doi :
10.1111/bph.14127 .
PMC
6255950 .
PMID
29243233 .
^
a
b Cohen Kadosh, Kathrin; Basso, Melissa; Knytl, Paul; Johnstone, Nicola; Lau, Jennifer Y. F.; Gibson, Glenn R. (2021-06-16).
"Psychobiotic interventions for anxiety in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis, with youth consultation" . Translational Psychiatry . 11 (1): 352.
doi :
10.1038/s41398-021-01422-7 .
ISSN
2158-3188 .
PMC
8206413 .
PMID
34131108 .
^ Dinan TG, Stanton C, Cryan JF (November 2013). "Psychobiotics: a novel class of psychotropic". Biological Psychiatry . 74 (10): 720–26.
doi :
10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.05.001 .
PMID
23759244 .
S2CID
40059439 .
Further reading
Anderson, Scott C.; Cryan, John F.; Dinan, Ted (17 December 2019). The Psychobiotic Revolution (1 ed.). Random House US.
ISBN
9781426219641 .