... that
popes awarded blessed swords and hats to defenders of
Christendom, including at least 12
emperors, 10 kings of France, 7 kings of Poland, 6 kings of Spain, and the nation of Switzerland?
... that the Royal postmaster Roberto Bandinelli moved to Poland to escape possible imprisonment in
Florence?
... that a 19th-century brick synagogue (pictured) in Radzanów designed with
Moorish-style motifs, serves now as a public library as there are no Jews left in the village?
... that painter Maurycy Trębacz belonged to the first generation of Jewish artists from Poland who broke away from the age-old
religious prohibition on portraying a human figure (example pictured)?
... that artist and academician Władysław Łuszczkiewicz, who taught and inspired Poland's national painter
Jan Matejko, gave private art classes for free to struggling artists?
... that the Great Polish Map of Scotland(portion pictured) was the brainchild of a Polish war veteran and is claimed to be the largest terrain relief model in the world?
... that the Battle of Martynów in 1624 was one of the largest Polish victories over the
Tatar raiders?
... that the ruined town of Miedzianka in Poland was a site of a secret Soviet
uranium mine?
... that a sketch by Kabaret Olgi Lipińskiej ("Olga Lipińska Cabaret") resulted in an official protest by the Soviet embassy in
Warsaw, followed by
secret police questioning?
... that the Cossack Zhmaylo Uprising ended without a decisive battle having been fought?
... that sources give two different commanders for the Polish forces participating in the Battle of Grudziądz of 1659?
... that one of the most popular Polish cabarets, Pod Egidą ("Under the Aegis"), performing since 1967, faced persecution from the communist authorities in the
People's Republic of Poland?
... that the Polish Writers' Union had an annual budget set by the state allowing for food supplements, health clinics, foreign travel, cars, vacations, stipends, and cash prizes?
... that Stanisław Klimecki served as the
mayor of
Kraków only for a few weeks before being fired and arrested by the
Gestapo in September 1939, which led to his execution in 1942?
... that Bruno Müller was implicated in
Nazi German atrocities against Polish academics, Ukrainian Jews, and prisoners in a slave labor camp, but died a free man?
Selection 4
... that
Jan Matejko's painting Stańczyk(pictured), portraying a solemn
court jester, is considered one of the most recognized and significant paintings of Poland?
... that the subversive newsletter made for
German occupation authorities by the Polish underground Tatra Confederation was so well written that the Germans thought it was produced internally?
May 2012
Selection 1
... that at its extreme, serfdom in Poland required a peasant (pictured, in
stocks) to work eight days a week for his feudal lord?
... that an opole was an early Polish administrative division that predated the creation of a unified
Kingdom of Poland?
... that Piotr Skrzynecki(pictured), founder of the Piwnica pod Baranami ("Rams Cellar") cabaret, who became a "legend in his own lifetime", did not care for material wealth and was homeless for a time?
... that deputies of the Sejm of the Duchy of Warsaw circumvented the restriction on debating by staying in the chamber after the session officially ended?
... that the fourth
Rebbe of Radomsk, founder of a network of 36 Hasidic yeshivas in pre-war Poland, paid for the education of over 4,000 students out of his own pocket?
... that Polish writer Ferdynand Goetel(pictured) participated in the first delegation sent by the Nazis to confirm the discovery of the
Katyn massacre perpetrated by the Soviets?
... that Polish writer and educator Konrad Prószyński, author of internationally recognized
primers, had to struggle with the censorship in the
Russian Empire?
... that
bibliophile, literary historian and theatre director Jan Lorentowicz, who first published the complete works of
Jan Kochanowski, was also an amazing father according to his daughter's memoirs?
... that playwright Jerzy Szaniawski, who married at age of 76, was starved and physically abused by his wife, 20 years his junior, until his death in 1970?
... that Polish model and fashion designer Joanna Horodyńska used to present a TV program while laying in a foam-filled bath tub?
... that the ideas of 17th-century Polish reformer Stanisław Dunin-Karwicki have been both praised as the harbinger of later reforms and criticized for not going far enough?
... that Polish-born cosmetics entrepreneur Lydia Sarfati is credited with introducing seaweed-based skin treatments in the United States?
Selection 2
Selection 3
... that an
anarchist group called the Revolutionary Avengers(rubber stamp pictured), active 1910–1914, has been described as the most radical terrorist organization in the history of Poland?
... that the kremówka cream cake (pictured) gained international recognition after
Pope John Paul II noted he had once eaten 18 of them as part of a bet?
... that Tadeusz Vetulani was a pioneer of
biodiversity research in Poland and conducted studies about the forest
tarpan and the
konik horse, launching restoration and breeding schemes?
... that the 1945 Augustów roundup which resulted in the disappearance and likely murder of about 600 Polish citizens by the
Soviet Union is considered the largest crime committed in Poland after
World War II?
... that Czerwono-Czarni, or "the Red and Blacks", were the first Polish rock band to cut a record?
May 2011
... that the 75-metre (246 ft) tall towers of St. Florian's Cathedral(pictured) in
Warsaw's eastern district of
Praga highlight its role as a form of protest against the Russian domination of Poland?
... that the town of Marche,
Arkansas, was founded by a Polish count who wanted to restore the agricultural environment familiar to most Poles before their arrival in the United States?
... that soon after the creation of the Łomża Ghetto,
Nazi Germans killed all the Jews suspected of collaborating with the previous occupying power, the
Soviet Union?
... that in 1949 the Polish, Hungarian, Bulgarian, Yugoslav and Czechoslovak socialist parties founded the Socialist Union of Central-Eastern Europe as a common centre for work in exile?
... that the bronze Gniezno Doors, of about 1175, are the only
Romanesque doors in Europe decorated with scenes from the life of a saint (his murder pictured)?
... that there are different theories about the parentage of Constance, the
Piast princess who ruled over
Wodzisław Śląski until her death in 1351?
... that Polish publicist and politician Jan Ludwik Popławski was one of the first chief activists and ideologues of the right-wing
National Democracy political camp?
... that Ivan Naumovich, a major Ukrainian pro-Russian cultural and political figure, as a youth supported the Polish national movement?
... that the entire Częstochowa massacre, in which hundreds of Poles and Jews were murdered by the
Wehrmacht, was captured in narrative form by a German photographer?
... that collective punishment meted out to mostly innocent
Ukrainian peasants by
Polish authorities during the Galicia Pacification campaign resulted in increased bitterness and encouraged extremists on both sides?