Planulozoa Temporal range: Ediacaran–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Diversity of planulozoans
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Subkingdom:	Eumetazoa
(unranked):	ParaHoxozoa
(unranked):	Planulozoa Wallberg et al., 2004
Phyla
Cnidaria Bilateria/ Triploblasts (unranked)? Proarticulata † Xenacoelomorpha Kimberella† Tullimonstrum† Saccorhytida † [1] Nephrozoa (unranked) Superphylum Deuterostomia Chordata " Ambulacraria" Hemichordata Echinodermata Cambroernida† Vetulicolia† Protostomia (unranked) Superphylum Ecdysozoa Spiralia (unranked) Placozoa?

Planulozoa is a clade which includes the Placozoa, Cnidaria (corals and jellyfish) and the Bilateria (all the more complex animals including worms, insects and vertebrates). ^{[2] [3]} The designation Planulozoa may be considered a synonym to Parahoxozoa. Within Planulozoa, the Placozoa may be a sister of Cnidaria to the exclusion of Bilateria. ^{[4] [5] [6] [7]} The clade excludes basal animals such as the Ctenophora (comb jellies), ^{[8] [9] [3]} and Porifera (sponges). ^{[10] [11] [12]} Although this clade was sometimes used to specify a clade of Cnidaria and Bilateria to the exclusion of Placozoa (against the original intention of its proposal), this is no longer favoured due to recent data indicating a sister group relationship between Cnidaria and Placozoa. ^[13]

The phylogenetic tree indicates approximately how many millions of years ago (mya) the lineages split. Here, Planulozoa is shown sans Placozoa. ^{[14] [15] [16]}

Planulozoa are associated with the emergence of the Zoc and ZF-NC gene domains. ^[17]

References