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Genus of gastropods
Placostylus , or flax snails , are a
genus of very large, air-breathing
land snails ,
terrestrial
pulmonate
gastropod
molluscs in the
family
Bothriembryontidae .
[3]
[2]
The
shells of the snails in this genus can be as large as 4.5 inches (11 cm) in maximum dimension.
Many species within this genus are now
extinct .
Taxonomy
Placostylus is the type genus of the family Placostylidae.
[4] It was placed within Placostylidae.
[4]
Breure et al. (2010)
[5] moved
Prestonella and
Bothriembryon to Placostylidae. Subsequently, Breure & Romero (2012)
[3] confirmed previous results from 2010 and they renamed Placostylidae to Bothriembryontidae.
[3]
Distribution
This genus of snails occurs in the
Solomon Islands ,
Vanuatu ,
New Caledonia ,
Fiji ,
Lord Howe Island , and
Northland in
New Zealand . There are three species in New Zealand and no subspecies.
[6]
Species
In former classification, two subgenera were recognized:
subgenus
Basileostylus Haas, 1935
[7]
[8]
subgenus
Maoristylus Haas, 1935
[9]
[8]
Species within this genus include:
†
Placostylus abbreviatus (Gassies, 1871)
Placostylus ambagiosus Suter, 1906
[8]
[6]
Placostylus bivaricosus (Gaskoin, 1855)
[10]
Placostylus bondeensis (Crosse & Souverbie, 1869)
Placostylus caledonicus (Petit, 1845)
Placostylus eddystonensis Pfeiffer, 1855
Placostylus fibratus (Martyn, 1789) - type species
[11]
Placostylus hongii (Lesson, 1830)
[8]
[6]
Placostylus founaki (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1853) : synonym of
Placocharis founaki (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1847)
Placostylus fraterculus Rensch, 1934
Placostylus gracilis (Broderip, 1840)
†
Placostylus leoni Haas, 1935
Placostylus porphyrostomus Pfeiffer, 1851
Placostylus priscus Powell, 1938
Placostylus salomonis (Pfeiffer, 1853)
Placostylus scarabus (Albers, 1854)
†
Placostylus senilis (Gassies, 1869)
Synonyms
Placostylus albersi Dautzenberg & Bouge in Dautzenberg, 1923 : synonym of Placostylus fibratus souvillei (Morelet, 1857) (nom. nov. pro Placostylus eximius Albers not Reeve )
Placostylus alexander (Crosse, 1855) : synonym of Placostylus fibratus alexander (Crosse, 1855)
Placostylus alienus Pilsbry, 1893 : synonym of
Santacharis fuligineus (L. Pfeiffer, 1854) (original combination; junior synonym)
Placostylus annibal (Souverbie, 1869) : synonym of
Placostylus caledonicus (Petit, 1845) (junior synonym)
Placostylus bavayi (Crosse & Marie, 1868) : synonym of Placostylus eddystonensis bavayi (Crosse & Marie, 1868)
Placostylus bollonsi Suter, 1908
[8]
[6] - New Zealand flax snail: synonym of
Basileostylus bollonsi (Suter, 1908)
Placostylus calus E. A. Smith, 1892 : synonym of
Eumecostylus calus (E. A. Smith, 1892) (original combination)
Placostylus cleryi (Petit de la Saussage, 1850) : synonym of
Eumecostylus cleryi (Petit de la Saussaye, 1850)
Placostylus cuniculinsulae Cox, 1872 : synonym of
Placostylus bivaricosus (Gaskoin, 1855) (junior synonym)
Placostylus dorseyi Dall, 1910 : synonym of
Partula grisea Lesson, 1831
Placostylus duplex (Gassies, 1871) : synonym of Placostylus porphyrostomus porphyrostomus (L. Pfeiffer, 1853)
Placostylus dupuyi Kobelt, 1890 : synonym of Placostylus eddystonensis bavayi (Crosse & Marie, 1868) (junior synonym)
Placostylus falcicula (Gassies, 1871) : synonym of Placostylus fibratus fibratus (Martyn, 1784)
Placostylus founaki (Rousseau, 1854) : synonym of
Placocharis founaki (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1847)
Placostylus francoisi Mabille, 1895 : synonym of
Poecilocharis bicolor (Hartman, 1889) (junior synonym)
Placostylus gizoensis Clench, 1941 : synonym of
Placostylus bivaricosus (Gaskoin, 1855) (junior synonym)
Placostylus goulvainensis Kobelt, 1891 : synonym of Placostylus porphyrostomus smithii Kobelt, 1891 (junior synonym)
Placostylus guestieri (Gassies, 1869) : synonym of Placostylus fibratus guestieri (Gassies, 1869)
Placostylus guppyi E. A. Smith, 1892 : synonym of
Placocharis guppyi (E. A. Smith, 1892) (original combination)
Placostylus hienguensis Crosse, 1871 : synonym of
Placostylus eddystonensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1855) (junior synonym)
Placostylus houailouensis Dautzenberg, 1901 : synonym of Placostylus fibratus alexander (Crosse, 1855) (junior synonym)
Placostylus kanalensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1877) : synonym of Placostylus fibratus alexander (Crosse, 1855) (junior synonym)
Placostylus layardi Kobelt, 1891 : synonym of Placostylus bondeensis rossiteri (Brazier, 1881) (junior synonym)
Placostylus leucolenus Crosse, 1896 : synonym of
Placostylus fibratus fibratus (Martyn, 1784)
Placostylus loyaltyensis (Souverbie, 1879) : synonym of
Leucocharis loyaltyensis (Souverbie, 1879)
Placostylus manni Clapp, 1923 : synonym of
Placocharis manni (Clapp, 1923) (basionym)
Placostylus mariei (Crosse & P. Fischer, 1867) : synonym of Placostylus porphyrostomus mariei (Crosse & P. Fischer, 1867)
Placostylus miltocheilus Reeve, 1848 : synonym of
Aspastus miltocheilus (Reeve, 1848)
Placostylus ouveanus (Mousson, 1869) : synonym of Placostylus fibratus ouveanus (Mousson, 1869)
Placostylus palmarum (Mousson, 1869) : synonym of
Placocharis palmarum (Mousson, 1869)
Placostylus paravicinianus B. Rensch, 1934 : synonym of
Placocharis paravicinianus (B. Rensch, 1934) (original combination)
Placostylus pseudocaledonicus (Montrouzier in Crosse, 1859) : synonym of
Placostylus scarabus (Albers, 1854) (junior synonym)
Placostylus pyrostomus (L. Pfeiffer, 1860) : synonym of
Santacharis salomonis (L. Pfeiffer, 1852) (junior synonym)
Placostylus remotus Hedley, 1898 : synonym of
Partula remota (Hedley, 1898) (original combination)
Placostylus sanchristovalensis (Cox, 1870) : synonym of
Eumecostylus sanchristovalensis (Cox, 1870)
Placostylus savesi Crosse, 1886 : synonym of Placostylus eddystonensis savesi Crosse, 1886
Placostylus saxtoni Kobelt, 1891 : synonym of
Placostylus caledonicus (Petit, 1845) (junior synonym)
Placostylus scottii (Cox, 1873) : synonym of
Eumecostylus scottii (Cox, 1873)
Placostylus seemanni (Dohrn, 1861) : synonym of
Euplacostylus seemanni (Dohrn, 1861)
Placostylus singularis (Morelet, 1857) : synonym of Placostylus porphyrostomus porphyrostomus (L. Pfeiffer, 1853) (junior synonym)
Placostylus sinistrorsa (Crosse, 1884) : synonym of Placostylus fibratus ouveanus (Mousson, 1869) (based on unavailable original name)
Placostylus smithii Kobelt, 1891 : synonym of Placostylus porphyrostomus smithii Kobelt, 1891 (basionym)
Placostylus souvillei (Morelet, 1857) : synonym of Placostylus fibratus souvillei (Morelet, 1857)
Placostylus stutchburyi (L. Pfeiffer, 1860) : synonym of
Placocharis stutchburyi (L. Pfeiffer, 1860)
Placostylus superfasciatus (Gassies, 1871) : synonym of Placostylus fibratus fibratus (Martyn, 1784) (junior synonym)
Placostylus unicus B. Rensch, 1934 : synonym of
Eumecostylus unicus (B. Rensch, 1934) (original combination)
References
^
Beck H. H. (1837). Index Moll. Mus. Ch. Fred. (1): 57.
^
a
b MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Placostylus H. Beck, 1837. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=818479 on 2020-11-14
^
a
b
c Breure A. S. H. & Romero P. (2012). "Support and surprises: molecular phylogeny of the land snail superfamily Orthalicoidea using a three-locus gene analysis with a divergence time analysis and ancestral area reconstruction (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)".
Archiv für Molluskenkunde: International Journal of Malacology 141 (1): 1-20.
doi :
10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/141/001-020 .
^
a
b
Bouchet, Philippe ;
Rocroi, Jean-Pierre ; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard;
Ponder, Winston ; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "
Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families ".
Malacologia . 47 (1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397.
ISBN
3-925919-72-4 .
ISSN
0076-2997 .
^ Breure A. S. H., Groenenberg D. S. J. & Schilthuizen M. (2010). "New insights in the phylogenetic relations within the Orthalicoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) based on 28S sequence data".
Basteria 74 (1-3): 25-31.
^
a
b
c
d Buckley T. R., Stringer I., Gleeson D., Howitt R., Attanayake D., Parrish R., Sherley G. & Rohan M. (2011). "A revision of the New Zealand Placostylus land snails using mitochondrial DNA and shell morphometric analyses, with implications for conservation".
New Zealand Journal of Zoology 38 (1): 55-81.
doi :
10.1080/03014223.2010.527997 .
^ Haas (1935). Zool. Anz. 109 : 189.
^
a
b
c
d
e
"Class Gastropoda" . New Zealand Mollusca, accessed 26 December 2010.
^ Haas (1935). Zool. Anz. 109 : 188.
^
Ponder W. F. , Colgan D. J., Gleeson D. M. & Sherley G. H. (2003). "Relationships of Placostylus from Lord Howe Island: an investigation using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene".
Molluscan Research 23 (2): 159-178.
doi :
10.1071/MR03001
^
ICZN (1992). "Opinion 1662. Limax fibratus Martyn, 1784 and Nerita hebraea Martyn, 1786 (currently Placostylus fibratus and Nerita hebraea ; Mollusca, Gastropoda): specific names conserved; and Placostylus Beck, 1837; L. fibratus designated as the type species".
Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 49 : 74-75.
External links