Candidate
|
Current/final political party
|
Home state
|
Notable elections lost
|
Notable results
|
Jeff Boss
|
|
Democratic
|
New Jersey
|
3 presidential elections (2008, 2012,
2016) U.S. Senate (
2008,
2014) New Jersey gubernatorial (
2009,
2013)
|
8.3% in the
2009 New Jersey gubernatorial election Democratic primary
|
Harry Braun
|
|
Democratic
|
Arizona
|
4 presidential elections (
2004,
2012,
2016,
2020) 2 congressional (
1984,
1986)
|
Democratic nominee for U.S. House, Arizona district 1 in 1984 and 1986
|
Mark Callahan
|
|
Republican
|
Oregon
|
2012 New Hampshire Republican presidential primary
2014 United States Senate election in Oregon
2016 United States Senate election in Oregon
2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Oregon
|
Republican nominee,
2016 United States Senate election in Oregon Republican nominee,
Oregon's 5th congressional district, 2018
|
John H. Cox
|
|
Republican
|
California
|
Illinois's 10th congressional district (2000)
2002 United States Senate election in Illinois
2008 Republican Party presidential primary
2018 California gubernatorial election
2021 California gubernatorial recall election
|
Republican nominee,
2018 California gubernatorial election
|
Jacob Coxey
|
|
Democratic
|
Ohio
|
1932 United States presidential election U.S. Senate in Ohio (
1916,
1928) Governor of Ohio (
1895,
1897) Congressman from Ohio (
1894,
1922,
1924,
1928,
1936)
|
Mayor of
Massillon, Ohio
Farmer–Labor Party nominee,
1932 United States presidential election
|
Eugene V. Debs
|
|
Socialist
|
Indiana
|
5 presidential elections:
1900,
1904,
1908,
1912 and
1920
|
Indiana State Senate (1885–1889) 6% of popular vote,
1912 United States presidential election
|
Rocky De La Fuente
|
|
Reform
|
California
|
2016 presidential election
2017 New York City mayoral election 10 U.S. Senate elections since 2018
21st California congressional district, 2020
|
Reform presidential nominee in 2016 and 2020
|
David Duke
|
|
Republican
|
Louisiana
|
2 presidential (
1988,
1992) 3 U.S. Senate (
1990,
1996,
2016) 1 gubernatorial (
1991) U.S. House (
1999)
|
Louisiana House of Representatives (1989–1992) Top Republican:
1990 United States Senate election in Louisiana
1991 Louisiana gubernatorial election
|
Joe Exotic
|
|
Democratic
|
Oklahoma
|
2016 presidential election
2018 Oklahoma gubernatorial election
2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries
2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries
|
18.7%,
2018 Oklahoma Libertarian Party gubernatorial primary
|
Jack Fellure
|
|
Republican
|
West Virginia
|
Every presidential campaign between 1988 and 2020
|
2012
Prohibition Party presidential nominee
|
Paul Noel Fiorino
|
|
Unity
|
Colorado
|
2024 United States presidential election Every Denver mayoral election since 2011 Every Colorado gubernatorial campaign since 2006
|
2024
Unity Party presidential nominee 5.6%,
2015 Denver mayoral election
|
|
Howie Hawkins
|
|
Green
|
New York
|
2006 United States Senate election in New York
New York's 25th congressional district (2000, 2004, 2008) 3 gubernatorial (
2010,
2014,
2018)
2017 Syracuse mayoral election
2020 presidential election
|
2020
Green Party presidential nominee
|
Henry Hewes
|
|
Democratic
|
New York
|
1989 New York City mayoral election
1994 United States Senate election in New York
2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries
2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries
|
New York State Right to Life Party nominee for Mayor of New York City and U.S. Senate
|
E.W. Jackson
|
|
Republican
|
Virginia
|
2012 United States Senate election in Virginia
2013 Virginia lieutenant gubernatorial election
2018 United States Senate election in Virginia
2024 United States presidential election
|
Republican nominee,
2013 Virginia lieutenant gubernatorial election
|
Bob Kelleher
|
|
Republican
|
Montana
|
1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries 5 gubernatorial (
1980,
1984,
1992,
1996,
2004) 3 U.S. Senate (
2002,
2006,
2008) 1 U.S. House (
1968)
|
Republican nominee for U.S. Senate in Montana,
2008 Democratic nominee for U.S. House, Montana District 2,
1968
|
Alan Keyes
|
|
Republican
|
Maryland
|
3 presidential (
1996,
2000,
2008) 3 U.S. Senate (
1988 and
1992 in Maryland,
2004 in Illinois)
|
5% in
2000 Republican Party presidential primaries 3-time Republican nominee for U.S. Senate
|
Gloria La Riva
|
|
Peace and Freedom
|
California
|
Every presidential campaign since 1984 3 gubernatorial (
1994,
1998,
2018)
1983 San Francisco mayoral election
California's 8th congressional district (2008)
|
Peace and Freedom Party presidential nominee, 2016 and 2020
|
Lyndon LaRouche
|
|
Democratic
|
New Hampshire
|
Every presidential campaign between 1976 and 2004
|
Founder of the
LaRouche movement
|
Andy Martin
|
|
Republican
|
New Hampshire
|
4 presidential (1988, 2000,
2012,
2016) 7 U.S. Senate (
1978,
1980,
1998,
2000,
2008,
2010,
2014) 3 U.S. House (1986, 1992,
2018) 2 gubernatorial (
1990,
2006)
1977 Chicago mayoral special election
|
1996 Republican nominee for
Florida State Senate, District 35
|
Jimmy McMillan
|
|
Rent Is Too Damn High
|
New York
|
New York City mayoral (1993,
2005,
2009,
2013) New York gubernatorial (1994,
2006,
2010, 2014, 2018) 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries
[4]
2017 New York City Council election
|
Second place finisher, District 2,
2017 New York City Council election
|
Ralph Nader
|
|
Independent
|
Connecticut
|
4 presidential campaigns (
1996,
2000,
2004,
2008)
|
3% of popular vote,
Ralph Nader 2000 presidential campaign
|
Pat Paulsen
|
|
Independent
|
California
|
Every presidential campaign between 1968 and 1996
|
1%,
1992 Republican Party presidential primaries 1%,
1996 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary
|
Paperboy Prince
|
|
Democratic
|
New York
|
U.S. House in New York's 7th district (2020, 2022)
2021 New York City Democratic mayoral primary
|
Second place, NY-7 Democratic Congressional primary in 2020, 2022
|
Joe Schriner
|
|
Independent
|
Ohio
|
Every presidential campaign since 2000
|
Candidate in the 2020
American Solidarity Party presidential primary
|
Jerome Segal
|
|
Democratic
|
Maryland
|
2018 United States Senate election in Maryland
2020 presidential election (Bread and Roses Party)
2022 Maryland gubernatorial election
2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
|
3.6%, 2018 Maryland U.S. Senate Democratic primary
|
Sam Sloan
|
|
Democratic
|
New York
|
2 Gubernatorial elections (
2010,
2014) 2 Presidential elections (
2012, 2016)
2013 New York City mayoral election 3 congressional elections (
2014,
2016,
2020)
|
Second place finisher,
2014 New York congressional district 13 Democratic primary
|
Harold Stassen
|
|
Republican
|
Minnesota
|
Every Republican presidential primary between 1944 and 1992, except for 1956 and 1972 U.S. Senate (
1978,
1994) U.S. House (
1986) Governor of Minnesota (
1982) Governor of Pennsylvania (
1958,
1966)
1959 Philadelphia mayoral election
|
Governor of Minnesota (1939–1943) Chair of the
National Governors Association (1942-1943) Delegate to the
1944,
1948,
1952,
1964,
1968, and
1992
Republican National Conventions
|
Jill Stein
|
|
Green
|
Massachusetts
|
2012 and
2016 presidential campaigns 2 Gubernatorial (
2002 and
2010)
|
Member of the
Lexington
Town Meeting (2005–2010) Green Party presidential nominee,
2012 and
2016
|
Vermin Supreme
|
|
Libertarian
|
Massachusetts
|
Every presidential campaign since 2004
|
2020 Libertarian National Convention, third place His running mate in the 2020 Libertarian primaries,
Spike Cohen, became Libertarian vice presidential nominee in the general election
|
Randall Terry
|
|
Constitution
|
West Virginia
|
2012 and
2024 presidential campaigns
New York's 26th congressional district (1998) Florida
State Senate (2006)
Florida's 20th congressional district (2012)
|
Constitution Party presidential nominee,
2024 18%,
2012 Oklahoma Democratic presidential primary 13% in
Florida's 20th congressional district, 2012
|
Norman Thomas
|
|
Socialist
|
New York
|
6 presidential runs between 1928 and 1948 1 gubernatorial in
1924 1 U.S. Senate in
1934
1929 New York City mayoral election
|
6-time
Socialist Party presidential nominee
|
Willie Wilson
|
|
Democratic
|
Illinois
|
2016 Democratic Party presidential primary 3 Chicago mayoral elections (
2015,
2019,
2023)
2020 United States Senate election in Illinois
|
3rd place,
2015 Chicago mayoral election and
2020 United States Senate election in Illinois
|
John Wolfe Jr.
|
|
Democratic
|
Tennessee
|
2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries
2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries
2018 United States Senate election in Tennessee
Tennessee's 3rd congressional district (1998, 2002, 2004, 2010)
|
Second place finisher,
2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries
|