Pearl onion | |
---|---|
Species | Allium ampeloprasum var. sectivum or A. ampeloprasum 'Pearl-Onion Group' |
Cultivar | 'Pearl onion' |
The pearl onion (Allium ampeloprasum var. sectivum or A. ampeloprasum 'Pearl-Onion Group'), [1] also known as button onion, baby onion or silverskin onion in the UK, [2] is a close relative of the leek (A. ampeloprasum var. porrum), and may be distinguished from common onions by having only a single storage leaf, [3] similar to cloves of garlic. In French they are known as oignon grelot. One English-speaking reference also mentions the term petit poireau antillais. [4]
Pearl onions are cultivated mostly in Germany, the Netherlands, and Italy, [5] usually in home gardens, [1] although formerly on a commercial scale. [4] They are mostly used for pickling. [6]
Because of its uniquely small size and a taste sweeter than that of a common onion, [2] [7] it has also been used in dishes ranging from mid-20th-century American casserole dishes such as succotash to sweetly flavored onion relishes in Indian cuisine. It can also be used in stews soups or sautéed (fried) with other vegetables. [8] [2] [9] It can also be used in cocktails such as "martini standing". [5]
Pearl onions are a staple to the cuisine of Northern Europe.[ citation needed] Also in modern Europe they are used as a flowering plant, and in Israel as a cut flower. [4]
Pearl onions contain chemical compounds that have health benefits including helping cardiovascular health and stabilize blood sugar levels, and acting as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. [10] [11][ better source needed]
The majority of onions grown for pickling are common onions (A. cepa), [12] which are normally much larger, but are grown to a small size suitable for pickling by planting them so densely that each one has very little room to grow. [13]
White varieties of common onions grown in this way for pickling include Crystal Wax [5] and White Bermuda. [7] There are red varieties as well, which are milder in flavour. [10] Common onions grown from seed to produce small bulbs for pickling are ready to harvest in 90 days. [7] They can be stored for up to a month in a cool, dry, dark place. [10] [11]
Larry Wall's yearly State of the Onion speeches about advancements in Perl programming, an allusion to the many layers of the language, are named as a pun both on the pearl onion and the U.S. president's State of the Union addresses.[ citation needed]