Parvaresh (newspaper)

Parvaresh
Type	Weekly newspaper
Founder(s)	Mirza Ali Mohammad Khan Kashani
Founded	8 June 1900
Political alignment	Secular; progressive;
Language	Persian
Ceased publication	November 1902
Headquarters	Cairo
Country	Egypt
	Media of Egypt; List of newspapers;

Parvaresh ( Persian: Education) was one of the Persian publications which were published in Cairo, Egypt. The paper was in circulation between 1900 and 1902.^[1] It was among the Persian publications published abroad which contributed to the political awakening of Iranians.^[2]

History and profile

Parvaresh was established by Mirza Ali Mohammad Khan Kashani in Cairo in 1900,^[1]^[3] and the first issue appeared on 8 June that year.^[4] Kashani first launched another Persian newspaper in Cairo entitled Sorayya.^[5]^[6] However, when he disputed with Sorayya's another editor Farajallah Hosayni Kashani he left it and started Parvaresh which was also published on a weekly basis like Sorayya.^[5] Parvaresh folded in November 1902 when its founder Mirza Ali Mohammad Khan Kashani died.^[1]

Political stance and content

Parvaresh was highly progressive and frequently featured articles about women in the Iranian society.^[7] The paper argued that there were many talented and creative Iranian women particularly in the field of literature.^[7] It was also added that the status of Iranian women under the Qajar rule was not acceptable due to the fact that they were considered to be lack of human attributes.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Nassereddin Parvin (2009). "Persian Journalism in Egypt". Encyclopædia Iranica.
^ Amin Banani (1959). Impact of the West on Iran, 1921-1941: A study in modernization of social institutions (PhD thesis). Stanford University. p. 16. ISBN 9781084919372. ProQuest 301883678.
^ Hanan Hammad (2014). "Relocating a common past and the making of east-centric modernity: Islamic and secular nationalism(s) in Egypt and Iran". In Kamran Scot Aghaie; Afshin Marashi (eds.). Rethinking Iranian Nationalism and Modernity. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. p. 279. ISBN 978-0-292-75749-3.
^ Negin Nabavi (2005). "Spreading the Word: Iran's First Constitutional Press and the Shaping of a 'New Era'". Middle East Critique. 14 (3): 309. doi: 10.1080/10669920500280656. S2CID 144228247.
^ ^a ^b Kamran M. Dadkhah (July 1992). "Lebas-o Taqva: An Early Twentieth-Century Treatise on the Economy". Middle Eastern Studies. 28 (3): 550. doi: 10.1080/00263209208700914.
^ Gholam Hossein Razi (Autumn 1968). "The Press and Political Institutions of Iran: A Content Analysis of "Ettela'at" and "Keyhan"". The Middle East Journal. 22 (4): 463–474. JSTOR 4324340.
^ ^a ^b ^c Parvin Paidar (1997). Women and the Political Process in Twentieth-Century Iran. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 47–48. ISBN 978-0-521-59572-8.

[nasp-1] Nassereddin Parvin (2009). "Persian Journalism in Egypt". Encyclopædia Iranica.

[2] Amin Banani (1959). Impact of the West on Iran, 1921-1941: A study in modernization of social institutions (PhD thesis). Stanford University. p. 16. ISBN 9781084919372. ProQuest 301883678.

[3] Hanan Hammad (2014). "Relocating a common past and the making of east-centric modernity: Islamic and secular nationalism(s) in Egypt and Iran". In Kamran Scot Aghaie; Afshin Marashi (eds.). Rethinking Iranian Nationalism and Modernity. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. p. 279. ISBN 978-0-292-75749-3.

[4] Negin Nabavi (2005). "Spreading the Word: Iran's First Constitutional Press and the Shaping of a 'New Era'". Middle East Critique. 14 (3): 309. doi: 10.1080/10669920500280656. S2CID 144228247.

[kammd-5] Kamran M. Dadkhah (July 1992). "Lebas-o Taqva: An Early Twentieth-Century Treatise on the Economy". Middle Eastern Studies. 28 (3): 550. doi: 10.1080/00263209208700914.

[6] Gholam Hossein Razi (Autumn 1968). "The Press and Political Institutions of Iran: A Content Analysis of "Ettela'at" and "Keyhan"". The Middle East Journal. 22 (4): 463–474. JSTOR 4324340.

[parvin-7] Parvin Paidar (1997). Women and the Political Process in Twentieth-Century Iran. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 47–48. ISBN 978-0-521-59572-8.

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