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Genus of fishes
Parotocinclus is a
genus of
fish in the
family
Loricariidae native to
South America . This genus is
distributed through almost all hydrographic systems in South America from the
Guyana Shield drainages and Amazon Shield
tributaries to the coastal
drainages of eastern and southeastern
Brazil , including the
rio São Francisco basin.
[1] Most
species have the
caudal peduncle oval in
cross section .
[2] It has been found that
Characidium species may interact with P. maculicauda . The small Characidium will follow grazing P. maculicauda , which release particulate matter dislodged from the catfish's foraging.
[3]
Taxonomy
By an analysis published in 2005, Parotocinclus is not a
monophyletic genus. P. jumbo is not closely related to P. maculicauda , but is positioned, instead, as a
basal lineage of the
subfamily
Hypoptopomatinae . Additionally, P. collinsae is not closely related to Parotocinclus maculicauda and may be more closely related to the genus
Hypoptopoma and four other genera. P. jumbo and P. collinsae may eventually be transferred to new genera.
[4] P. bidentatus and P. muriaensis form a monophyletic pair of
sister taxa that is more closely related to a subset of species of Parotocinclus (which includes P. maculicauda ) than to any other genus of the
tribe Otothyrini.
[4]
Species
There are currently 38 recognized species in this genus:
Parotocinclus adamanteus Pereira, Santos, de Pinna & Reis, 2019
[5]
Parotocinclus amazonensis
Garavello , 1977
Parotocinclus arandai
Sarmento-Soares ,
Lehmann A. &
Martins-Pinheiro , 2009
Parotocinclus aripuanensis
Garavello , 1988
Parotocinclus bahiensis (
A. Miranda-Ribeiro , 1918)
Parotocinclus bidentatus
Gauger &
Buckup , 2005
Parotocinclus britskii
Boeseman , 1974
Parotocinclus cabessadecuia Ramos, Lima & Ramos, 2017
[6]
Parotocinclus cearensis
Garavello , 1977
Parotocinclus cesarpintoi
P. Miranda-Ribeiro , 1939
Parotocinclus collinsae
Schmidt &
Ferraris , 1985
Parotocinclus cristatus
Garavello , 1977
Parotocinclus dani
Roxo ,
G. S. C. Silva &
C. de Oliveira , 2016
[1]
Parotocinclus doceanus (
A. Miranda-Ribeiro , 1918)
Parotocinclus eppleyi
Schaefer &
Provenzano , 1993
Parotocinclus halbothi
Lehmann A. ,
Lazzarotto &
R. E. dos Reis , 2014
[7]
Parotocinclus hardmani
Lehmann A. , Lujan &
R. E. dos Reis , 2022
[8]
Parotocinclus haroldoi
Garavello , 1988
Parotocinclus jacksoni Ramos, Lustosa-Costa, Barros-Neto & Barbosa, 2021
[9]
Parotocinclus jacumirim
D. E. da Silva Jr. ,
T. P. A. Ramos &
A. M. Zanata , 2020
[10]
Parotocinclus jequi
Lehmann A. ,
Koech Braun ,
E. H. L. Pereira &
R. E. dos Reis , 2013
[11]
Parotocinclus jimi
Garavello , 1977
Parotocinclus jumbo
Britski &
Garavello , 2002
Parotocinclus longirostris
Garavello , 1988
Parotocinclus maculicauda (
Steindachner , 1877)
Parotocinclus minutus
Garavello , 1977
Parotocinclus muriaensis
Gauger &
Buckup , 2005
Parotocinclus nandae Lehmann A., Camelier & Zanata, 2020
[12]
Parotocinclus planicauda
Garavello &
Britski , 2003
Parotocinclus polyochrus
Schaefer , 1988
Parotocinclus prata
A. C. Ribeiro ,
A. L. A. Melo &
E. H. L. Pereira , 2002
Parotocinclus robustus
Lehmann A. &
R. E. dos Reis , 2012
[13]
Parotocinclus seridoensis
T. P. A. Ramos ,
Barros-Neto ,
Britski &
S. M. Q. Lima , 2013
[14]
Parotocinclus spilosoma (
Fowler , 1941)
Parotocinclus spilurus (
Fowler , 1941)
[15]
Parotocinclus variola
Lehmann A. ,
Schvambach &
R. E. dos Reis , 2015
[16]
Parotocinclus yaka Lehmann, Lima & Reis, 2018
[17]
References
^
a
b Roxo, F.F., Silva, G.S.C. & Oliveira, C. (2016):
Description of a new species of Parotocinclus (Siluriformes, Hypoptopomatinae) from the rio Tapajós basin. ZooKeys, 634: 125–136.
^ Garavello, J.C. & Britski, H.A. (2003):
Parotocinclus planicauda , a new species of the subfamily Hypoptopomatinae from Southeastern Brazil (Ostariophysi: Loricariidae). Brazilian Journal of Biology, 63 (2): 253–260.
^ Leitão, R.P., Caramaschi, É.P. & Zuanon, J. (2007):
Following food clouds: feeding association between a minute loricariid and a characidiin species in an Atlantic Forest stream, Southeastern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 5 (3): 307-310.
^
a
b Gauger, M.F.W. & Buckup, P.A. (2005):
Two new species of Hypoptopomatinae from the rio Paraíba do Sul basin, with comments on the monophyly of Parotocinclus and the Otothyrini (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Neotropical Ichthyology, 3 (4): 509–518.
^ Pereira, Edson H. L.; Santos, Alexandre Clistenes de A.; Pinna, Mário C. C. de; Reis, Roberto E. (2019-11-01).
"An Enigmatic New Loricariid (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes) from Relictual Upper Reaches of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil" . Copeia . 107 (4): 597–605.
doi :
10.1643/CI-19-244 .
ISSN
0045-8511 .
S2CID
208942749 .
^ Ramos, T.P., Lima, S.M., & Ramos, R.T. (2017). A new species of armored catfish Parotocinclus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Parnaíba basin, northeastern, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 15 .
^ Lehmann A., P., Lazzarotto, H. & Reis, R.E. (2014):
Parotocinclus halbothi , a new species of small armored catfish (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae), from the Trombetas and Marowijne River basins, in Brazil and Suriname. Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (1): 27–33.
^ Lehmann A., Pablo & Lujan, Nathan & Reis, Roberto. (2022). A New Species of Armored Catfish (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) Syntopic and Superficially Similar to Parotocinclus collinsae, from the Potaro River Basin, Guyana. Ichthyology & Herpetology. 110. 10.1643/i2021065.
^ Ramos, T.P., Lustosa-Costa, S.Y., Barros-Neto, L.F., & Barbosa, J.E. (2021). Parotocinclus jacksoni, a new hypoptopomatine catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Rio Mamanguape basin, northeastern Brazil. Journal of fish biology .
^ Silva Jr., D. E. da, Ramos, T. P. A., & Zanata, A. M. (2020):
A new species of Parotocinclus with reduced adipose fin (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae), from the rio Jacuípe basin, Bahia State, Brazil Neotropical Ichthyology, 18 (2).
^ Lehmann A., P., Koech Braun, B., Pereira, E.H.L. & Reis, R.E. (2013):
A New Species of the Hypoptopomatinae Catfish Parotocinclus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), from the Headwaters of the Rio Jequitinhonha, Brazil. Copeia, 2013 (3): 435-440.
^ A, Pablo Lehmann; Camelier, Priscila; Zanata, Angela (2020-07-31).
"Parotocinclus nandae, a new distinctive colored catfish (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from the upper Rio Paraguaçu, Bahia State, northeastern Brazil" . PLOS ONE . 15 (7): e0236690.
Bibcode :
2020PLoSO..1536690L .
doi :
10.1371/journal.pone.0236690 .
ISSN
1932-6203 .
PMC
7394401 .
PMID
32735598 .
^ Lehmann A., P. & Reis, R.E. (2012):
A new species of Parotocinclus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper Rio São Francisco, Brazil. Zootaxa, 3390: 56–64.
^ Ramos, T.P.A., Barros-Neto, L.F., Britski, H.A. & Lima, S.M.Q. (2013):
Parotocinclus seridoensis , a new hypoptopomatine catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Piranhas-Açu basin, northeastern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 11 (4): 787–796.
^ Ramos, T.P.A., Lehmann A., P., Barros-Neto, L.F. & Lima, S.M.Q. (2016):
Redescription of the endangered hypoptopomatine catfish Parotocinclus spilurus (Fowler, 1941) (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Jaguaribe basin, northeastern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 14 (1): e150098.
^ Lehmann A., P., Schvambach, L.J. & Reis, R.E. (2015):
A new species of the armored catfish Parotocinclus (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae), from the Amazon basin in Colombia. Neotropical Ichthyology, 13 (1): 47–52.
^ Lehmann A, P., Lima, F., & Reis, R. E. (2018). Parotocinclus yaka, a new species of armored catfish (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae), from the Amazon basin in Brazil. Zootaxa , 4521 (4), 584–592.
doi :
10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.7