The PAIR (puncture-aspiration-injection-reaspiration; sometimes percutaneous aspiration-injection-reaspiration[1]) procedure is a noninvasive treatment option to remove hydatid cysts.[2] PAIR is considered an alternative treatment for cystic
echinococcosis (
hydatid disease) and is often indicated for patients who do not respond to surgery or
benzimidazoles[3]
The PAIR procedure can be performed as follows:[4]
ultrasound-guided percutaneous puncture of the cyst