From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the order of battle for the
2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria , codenamed "Operation Peace Spring" by
Turkey . The pro-Turkish forces, including the
Syrian National Army , are opposed by the armed forces of the
NES , including the
Syrian Democratic Forces .
Turkey
Syrian Interim Government
Syrian National Army
First Legion
Second Legion
Third Legion
Fourth Legion
Fifth Legion
Other SNA factions
Rojava (Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria)
[...] the Syrian regime's military deployments to northeast Syria have largely relied on sending one or two battalions from nearly two dozen divisions and regiments. [...] In all likelihood, this is driven by a combination of two factors: there are few to no full brigades available to deploy at this time [and] the SAA overwhelming deploys units within specific geographic boundaries.
—Gregory Waters,
Middle East Institute researcher
[44]
Syria
Syrian Armed Forces
Syrian Arab Army
[45]
[46]
Manbij Front
Kobani Front
Republican Guard
1st Division
Border Guards
Ain Issa/Raqqa Front
5th Corps
5th Brigade
[44]
7th Brigade
148th Regiment
103rd Artillery
[44]
Republican Guard
Ras al-Ayn/Tel Tamar Front
Northeast Hasakah Front
Note: The pro-Syrian government
National Defence Forces have an active branch in
al-Hasakah Governorate , but have refused to fight alongside the SDF against Turkish-led forces. This is motivated by animosity of local NDF troops toward the SDF, as well as internal leadership disputes that have paralyzed al-Hasakah's NDF. In addition, the General Intelligence Branch 330 is known to be active in northern Syria.
[44]
Allied armed groups:
^
"Suriye'ye ilk adımı atan birliğin komutanı tanıdık çıktı" . odatv.com . 16 October 2019.
^ Adi Smajić; Paul McLoughlin (9 October 2019).
"Revealed: Turkey's three-stage plan to capture northern Syria from Kurdish militias, lasting into 2020" . The New Arab . Retrieved 19 December 2019 .
^
"Suriye sınırına askeri sevkiyat" . Timeturk.com .
^
"SBarış Pınarı Harekatı" . Timeturk.com .
^
"Barış Pınarı Harekatı bölgesine özel harekat desteği" . www.aa.com.tr .
^
"Turkish-backed militants amass near Syrian border town for new offensive" .
Al-Masdar News . 8 October 2019. Archived from
the original on 11 October 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2019 .
^
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b
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"Which Syrian Groups Are Involved in Turkey's Syria Offensive?" . Voice of America . 9 October 2019.
^
a
b Fatma Ben Hamad. (21 October 2019).
"Images document extrajudicial killings by Turkish-backed militia in Syria" . France24 . Retrieved 21 November 2019 .
^
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b
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d Tastekin, Fehim (13 October 2019).
"Who are the Turkish-backed forces in latest Syria incursion?" . al-Monitor . Retrieved 14 October 2019 .
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"تعرّف إلى توزّع الجيش الوطني على محاور العملية العسكرية شرق الفرات" [Learn about the distribution of the national army on the axis of the military operation east of the Euphrates]. Qasioun News (in Arabic). 8 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019 .
^
a
b Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (5 November 2019).
"Division 20: Interview" . Retrieved 10 November 2019 .
^
"Fırat'ın doğusuna operasyonda YPG'ye Kürt Şahinleri Tugayı darbesi" . Internet Haber . 9 October 2019.
^ Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (8 November 2019).
"The Men of War Brigade: Interview" . Retrieved 10 November 2019 .
^
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b
"تل أبيض: مراسل جسر يرصد انتهاكات بحق المدنيين من قبل فصائل "الوطني" " [Tel Abyad: Jisr reporter monitors abuses against civilians by SNA factions]. Jesr Press (in Arabic). 18 October 2019. Archived from
the original on 13 November 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019 .
^ Al-Tamimi, Aymenn Jawad (9 October 2019).
"Turkish Operations East of the Euphrates: A Rebel Perspective" . Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi .
^
a
b Sami Moubayed (11 October 2019).
"Kurds face uphill battle against Turkish and Syrian armies" . Gulf News . Retrieved 28 October 2019 .
^
"Force 55: Interview" . 25 February 2020.
^ Walid Al Nofal (15 October 2019).
"The Syrian National Army: For the Syrian revolution or against the Kurds?" . Syria:Direct . Retrieved 28 October 2019 .
^ NUR ÖZKAN ERBAY; MUSTAFA KIRIKÇIOĞLU (13 October 2019).
"Syrian Kurds look to end YPG-rule in Syria" . Daily Sabah . Retrieved 28 October 2019 .
^
"Militäroffensive der Türkei: Deutsche Waffenexporte auf höchstem Stand seit 14 Jahren" [Turkey's military offensive: German weapons exports at the highest level since 14 years]. Frankfurter Rundschau (in German). 17 October 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019 .
^ Ammar Hamou (27 October 2019).
"Civilians the only innocent party in 'Operation Peace Spring' " . Syria:Direct . Archived from
the original on 28 October 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2019 .
^
a
b Szuba, Jared (10 October 2019).
" 'The border is on fire': Turkey's ground forces battle Syria's Kurds near Tal Abyad" . The Defense Post . Retrieved 11 October 2019 .
^ Joanne Stocker (14 November 2019).
" "The sky is against us" – Syrian Christian fighters struggle to hold their lines in Tel Tamer" . Defense Post . Retrieved 20 November 2019 .
^
"Joint press conference of SDF, Syriac Military Council, Women Protection Forces Beth Nahrin" . Hawar News . 1 November 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2019 .
^
"لواء الشمال الديمقراطي يؤكد مواصلة النضال للدفاع عن مكتسبات المنطقة ضد أي تهديد" [The Northern Democratic Brigade affirms the continued struggle to defend the gains of the region against any threat]. ANF News (in Arabic). 11 October 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2019 .
^
"The Armenian Battalion taking part in defense of Serêkaniyê" . ANF News . 12 October 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2019 .
^
"SDF Command: Syriac Military Council, Assyrian forces undertake security responsibility in Hawd al- Khabour" . Hawar News . 2 November 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2019 .
^ Roj Eli Zalla (5 November 2019).
"Northern Syrian Christians on a mission to protect their villages" . Rudaw . Retrieved 19 December 2019 .
^
"Assyrian fighters: We are attacked by the ISIS" . ANF . 7 November 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2019 .
^ Delil Souleiman (19 November 2019).
"In northeast Syria, last Assyrians fear Turkish advance" . Times of Israel . Retrieved 20 November 2019 .
^ ÇAKSU, ERSİN (11 October 2019).
"Not a single house captured by the enemy in Serekaniye" . ANF News . Retrieved 11 October 2019 .
^
"من هي "قوات سوريا الديمقراطية".. ومِما تتألف؟" . Lebanon24 .
^ Manbij Military Council (14 October 2019).
"قوات مجلس منبج العسكري تحبط هجوماً لمرتزقة درع الفرات" . المجلس العسكري لمدينة منبج وريفها (in Arabic). Retrieved 14 October 2019 .
^
" "Jarabulus Military Council" targets a vehicle south of Jarabulus by a guided missile leaving 2 persons dead in conjunction with an assassination targeted members of Turkey-loyal factions south of Azaz" . SOHR . 13 October 2019. Retrieved 14 October 2019 .
^
"Tal Abyad Military Council: It is our duty to protect our people if Turkey violates the agreement" . Hawar News . 7 October 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019 .
^
"Qamishlo bid farewell to its four martyrs" . ANF News . 12 October 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019 .
^
"SDF fighter Ismail Hisên laid to rest" . ANF News . 9 December 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019 .
^
"Six SDF martyrs laid to rest in Heseke" . ANF News . 15 November 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019 .
^
"Emotional farewell ceremony for 8 SDF martyrs in Şedadê" . ANF News . 28 November 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019 .
^
"300 fighters join to al-Shadadi Military Council after declaring general alarm by clans' notables" . Hawar News . 13 October 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019 .
^
"Two martyrs laid to rest in Raqqa" . ANF News . 28 November 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019 .
^
"SDF: 118 invading forces members killed" . ANF News . Retrieved 16 October 2019 .
^
"HAT Commander Tolhildan Zagros fell martyr in Girê Spî" . ANF News . 23 October 2019.
^
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v Gregory Waters (20 November 2019).
"Return to the northeast: Syrian Army deployments against Turkish forces" . Middle East Institute . Retrieved 21 November 2019 .
^
"Syrian Army to enter strategic city in Raqqa for first time since 2014" . 14 October 2019.
^ Perper, Rosie (14 October 2019).
"Kurdish forces strike a deal with Assad's army as they battle an intensifying Turkish assault in northern Syria" .
^
"Why is Turkey invading northeast Syria?" . Middle East Eye . Retrieved 16 October 2019 .
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"The Communist volunteers fighting the Turkish invasion of Syria" .
Morning Star . 31 October 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019 .
^
"MLKP: Kerem Pehlivan yoldaşımız şehit düştü" . ANF News .
^
"MLKP fighter fell in Rojava" . ANF News . 19 December 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019 .
Overviews
Main overviews Effects and ongoing concerns Phases and processes World reaction Specific groups and countries Agreements and dialogues