Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (Ox-LDL receptor 1) also known as lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) is a
protein that in humans is encoded by the OLR1gene.[5][6]
LOX-1 is the main receptor for oxidized LDL on
endothelial cells,
macrophages,
smooth muscle cells,[7] and other cell types.[8] But minimally oxidized LDL is more readily recognized by the
TLR4 receptor, and highly oxidized LDL is more readily recognized by the
CD36 receptor.[9]
This protein may play a role as a scavenger receptor.[6]
Clinical significance
Binding of oxidized LDL to LOX-1 activates
NF-κB, leading to
monocyte adhesion to enthothelial cells (a pre-requisite for the macrophage
foam cell formation of atherosclerosis).[8] Macrophage affinity for unmodified LDL particles is low, but is greatly increased when the LDL particles are oxidized.[11] LDL oxidation occurs in the sub-endothelial space, rather than in the circulation.[11] But oxidized cholesterol from foods cooked at high temperature can also be a source of
oxysterols.[9]
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Li X, Bouzyk MM, Wang X (Nov 1998). "Assignment of the human oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor gene (OLR1) to chromosome 12p13.1→p12.3, and identification of a polymorphic CA-repeat marker in the OLR1 gene". Cytogenet Cell Genet. 82 (1–2): 34–6.
doi:
10.1159/000015059.
PMID9763655.
S2CID46772688.
^Guan S, Wang B, Li W, Guan J, Fang X (2010). "Effects of berberine on expression of LOX-1 and SR-BI in human macrophage-derived foam cells induced by ox-LDL". Am J Chin Med. 38 (6): 1161–9.
doi:
10.1142/s0192415x10008548.
PMID21061468.
Sawamura T (2002). "[LOX-1: the oxidized LDL receptor expressed in vascular endothelial cells]". Seikagaku. 74 (5): 365–76.
PMID12073608.
Ando K, Fujita T (2005). "Role of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) in the development of hypertensive organ damage". Clin. Exp. Nephrol. 8 (3): 178–82.
doi:
10.1007/s10157-004-0288-9.
PMID15480893.
S2CID24851728.
Mehta JL, Li DY (1998). "Identification and autoregulation of receptor for OX-LDL in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 248 (3): 511–4.
doi:
10.1006/bbrc.1998.9004.
PMID9703956.
Yamanaka S, Zhang XY, Miura K, et al. (1999). "The human gene encoding the lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor (OLR1) is a novel member of the natural killer gene complex with a unique expression profile". Genomics. 54 (2): 191–9.
doi:
10.1006/geno.1998.5561.
PMID9828121.
Draude G, Hrboticky N, Lorenz RL (1999). "The expression of the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor (LOX-1) on human vascular smooth muscle cells and monocytes and its down-regulation by lovastatin". Biochem. Pharmacol. 57 (4): 383–6.
doi:
10.1016/S0006-2952(98)00313-X.
PMID9933026.
Bull C, Sobanov Y, Röhrdanz B, et al. (2001). "The centromeric part of the human NK gene complex: linkage of LOX-1 and LY49L with the CD94/NKG2 region". Genes Immun. 1 (4): 280–7.
doi:
10.1038/sj.gene.6363678.
PMID11196705.
S2CID21961232.
Shi X, Niimi S, Ohtani T, Machida S (2001). "Characterization of residues and sequences of the carbohydrate recognition domain required for cell surface localization and ligand binding of human lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor". J. Cell Sci. 114 (Pt 7): 1273–82.
doi:
10.1242/jcs.114.7.1273.
PMID11256994.