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Family of transport proteins
The NhaD family (
TC# 2.A.62 ) belongs to the
Ion Transporter (IT) Superfamily .
[1] A representative list of proteins belonging to the NhaD family can be found in the
Transporter Classification Database .
The NhaD Na+ /H+ antiporter has been characterized from two Vibrio species:
V. parahaemolyticus and
V. cholerae and in the haloalkaliphile,
Alkalimonas amylolytica .
[2]
[3] These proteins and their homologues are 400-500 aas long and exhibit 10-13 TMSs. They catalyze Na+ /H+ and Li+ /H+ antiport. They exhibit activity at basic pH (8-10) with no activity at pH 7.5. The Amylolytica antiporter has low Na+ affinity and has optimal activity at 600 mM Na+ . Homologues are found in
Pseudomonadota of all groups,
Flavobacteriia , and
Chlamydia . Distant homologues of the
IT superfamily are ubiquitous.
The generalized reaction catalyzed by NhaD is:
nH+ (in) + mNa+ (out) ⇌ nH+ (out) + mNa+ (in).
See also
Further reading
Barrero-Gil, Javier; Rodríguez-Navarro, Alonso; Benito, Begoña (2007-01-01).
"Cloning of the PpNHAD1 transporter of Physcomitrella patens, a chloroplast transporter highly conserved in photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms" . Journal of Experimental Botany 58 (11): 2839–2849.
doi :
10.1093/jxb/erm094 .
ISSN
0022-0957 .
PMID
17617660 .
Kurz, Matthias; Brünig, Anika N. S.; Galinski, Erwin A. (2006-01-01).
"NhaD type sodium/proton-antiporter of Halomonas elongata: a salt stress response mechanism in marine habitats?" . Saline Systems 2 : 10.
doi :
10.1186/1746-1448-2-10 .
ISSN
1746-1448 .
PMC
1552076 .
PMID
16872527 .
Liu, Jun; Xue, Yanfen; Wang, Quanhui; Wei, Yi; Swartz, Talia H.; Hicks, David B.; Ito, Masahiro; Ma, Yanhe; Krulwich, Terry A. (2005-11-01).
"The activity profile of the NhaD-type Na+(Li+)/H+ antiporter from the soda Lake Haloalkaliphile Alkalimonas amylolytica is adaptive for the extreme environment" . Journal of Bacteriology 187 (22): 7589–7595.
doi :
10.1128/JB.187.22.7589-7595.2005 .
ISSN
0021-9193 .
Melo, Ana M. P.; Felix, Nuno A. M.; Carita, João N.; Saraiva, Lígia M.; Teixeira, Miguel (2006-09-29).
"The Na+/H+ antiporter of the thermohalophilic bacterium Rhodothermus marinus" . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 348 (3): 1011–1017.
doi :
10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.134 .
ISSN
0006-291X .
PMID
16904646 .
Zhong, Nai-Qin; Han, Li-Bo; Wu, Xiao-Min; Wang, Li-Li; Wang, Fang; Ma, Yan-He; Xia, Gui-Xian (2012-06-01).
"Ectopic expression of a bacterium NhaD-type Na+/H+ antiporter leads to increased tolerance to combined salt/alkali stresses" . Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 54 (6): 412–421.
doi :
10.1111/j.1744-7909.2012.01129.x .
ISSN
1744-7909 .
PMID
22583823 .
References
^ Prakash, Shraddha; Cooper, Garret; Singhi, Soumya; Saier, Milton H. (2003-12-03). "The ion transporter superfamily". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes . 1618 (1): 79–92.
doi :
10.1016/j.bbamem.2003.10.010 .
ISSN
0006-3002 .
PMID
14643936 .
^ Nozaki, K.; Kuroda, T.; Mizushima, T.; Tsuchiya, T. (1998-03-02). "A new Na+/H+ antiporter, NhaD, of Vibrio parahaemolyticus". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes . 1369 (2): 213–220.
doi :
10.1016/s0005-2736(97)00223-x .
ISSN
0006-3002 .
PMID
9518619 .
^ Ostroumov, Elena; Dzioba, Judith; Loewen, Peter C.; Dibrov, Pavel (2002-08-19).
"Asp(344) and Thr(345) are critical for cation exchange mediated by NhaD, Na(+)/H(+) antiporter of Vibrio cholerae" . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes . 1564 (1): 99–106.
doi :
10.1016/s0005-2736(02)00407-8 .
ISSN
0006-3002 .
PMID
12101001 .
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