Seven defense manufacturers competed in the program, with five attempting to design and produce the weapons & two attempting to create and supply fire-control optics.[3] The winners were officially announced by the Army in early 2022:
SIG Sauer to produce the
XM7 rifle and
XM250 automatic rifle,
Vortex Optics to produce the XM157 fire-control system,[3] and
Winchester to produce the custom 6.8mm ammunition cartridges designed by SIG Sauer.[4][5][6] The program was expected to cost $10 million in the first year of production, and $150 million the next.[1][5][6]
History
The NGSW program began in 2017, after the
U.S. Congress issued an order for the
U.S. Army to conduct an assessment regarding the need to upgrade existing
M4 carbines with
SOCOM's
SOPMOD free-floating
rail. It was concluded that the M4 carbine was still favored by troops and also performed well under stress. Feeding issues and other problems were fixed by using different ammunition types and magazines. Despite this, the M4 had difficulty penetrating the types of
bulletproof vests used by
Russian and
Chinese troops, especially at longer ranges.[citation needed] Pressure to develop a new weapon system also arose from military programs created by other countries, such as Russia's
Ratnik program.[citation needed] The U.S. Army's Soldier Enhancement Program released its findings in December 2017, which recommended proceeding with the Next Generation Squad Weapon Program as a more cost-effective solution compared to only retrofitting M4s with free-float rail systems.[7]
In 2017, the U.S. Army issued requirements for prototype Next Generation Squad Weapon submissions.[1][2][6] The program's rifle requirement, referred to as NGSW-R, was required to use a 6.8mm round and be able to utilize small arms fire-control systems. The program's support weapon, referred to as NGSW-AR, was required to be no longer than 35 in (890 mm); no heavier than 12 lb (5.4 kg) including attachments; able to suppress targets out to 3,900 ft (1,200 m); able to accurately fire on targets out to 2,000 ft (610 m); able to make use of small arms
fire-control systems.
On April 19, 2022, after 27 months of prototyping and evaluation, the Army announced that
SIG Sauer was awarded the NGSW program contract, and would produce the replacements for the M4 carbine and M249 SAW for the next 10 years.[10] The new rifle, designated the
XM7, is based on the company's
SIG MCX Spear rifle, while the new automatic rifle, designated the
XM250, is based on the company's SIG MG 6.8mm belt-fed gun.[11]
The company was awarded a small initial production order, worth $10.4 million, for about 25 rifles, 15 automatic rifles, and a “large quantity” of ammunition so the weapons could be tested and the production line fine-tuned.[12]
A
U.S. Army press release stated the new weapons would "provide significant capability improvements in accuracy, range and overall lethality. They are lightweight, fire more lethal ammunition, mitigate recoil, provide improved barrel performance, and include integrated muzzle sound and flash reduction."[4]
The program also included the development of new
fire-control systems for small-arms weapons. Two companies entered the competition: Vortex Optics and
L3Harris Technologies, both of whose submissions utilized integrated fire-control systems using
laser rangefinders, direct view optics, digital overlays, and
ballistic calculation systems, as per NGSW program requirements.[26] In late January 2022, the U.S. Army selected
Vortex Optics' offering, designated the XM157 fire-control system.[26][27]
Ammunition
NGSW weapon proposals used proponent designed cartridges with government-issued 6.8mm general-purpose projectiles. This allowed each proposed weapon and cartridge to be designed together to meet the performance requirements. In January 2022, Winchester was awarded a contract to produce the ammunition. In April 2022, with the selection of the MCX Spear, SIG Sauer's hybrid metal cartridge would become the new cartridge subsequently referred to as
6.8x51mm Common Cartridge by the U.S. Army.[4]