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Extinct species of new world monkey
Saimiri fieldsi is an
extinct
species of
New World monkey in the
genus
Saimiri (squirrel monkeys) from the
Middle Miocene (
Laventan in the
South American land mammal ages ; 13.8 to 11.8 Ma). Its remains have been found at the
Konzentrat-Lagerstätte of
La Venta in the
Honda Group of
Colombia .
[1]
More than 200 fossil specimens of Saimiri fieldsi , formerly described as Neosaimiri fieldsi ,
[1] were recovered from the Middle Miocene
Villavieja Formation , that has been dated to the
Laventan , about 13 to 12 Ma, during fieldwork in 1989 and 1990. The holotype of Saimiri which was recovered in 1949, is an incomplete mandible and dentition, while later materials include not only lower but also upper dentition and deciduous teeth.
[2]
The fossils were differentiated from Saimiri in the proportions of tooth series, with smaller
incisors and larger
molars ; in the structure of the P4
hypocone ; and in the morphology of M1-2, which shows strong polymorphism.
[2] Also the species has been described as more robust than the extant Saimiri .
[3] This led researchers to identify an independent genus, Neosaimiri , as a Middle Miocene ancestor of Saimiri . Laventiana annectens , which was recovered at the same location in 1988, has been concluded to be a junior synonym of Neosaimiri ,
[2] placed later in the same genus as
Saimiri annectens .
The lower molars of the fossil Saimiri resemble those of
Dolichocebus , from
Argentina .
[4] An estimated body mass of 768 to 840 grams (1.693 to 1.852 lb) has been suggested for Saimiri fieldsi .
[5]
[6]
The evolutionary split in New World monkeys between
Cebus and Saimiri has been estimated at 16.7 Ma.
[7]
The
La Venta
Lagerstätte of the Honda Group, and more precisely the "Monkey Beds", are the richest site for
fossil primates in South America .
[8] It has been argued that the monkeys of the Honda Group were living in habitat that was in contact with the
Amazon and
Orinoco Basins , and that La Venta itself was probably seasonally dry forest.
[9] Other fossil New World primates uncovered from the same locality are
Aotus dindensis ,
Cebupithecia ,
Mohanamico and
Stirtonia tatacoensis .
[10]
[11]
[12]
^
a
b
Saimiri fieldsi at
Fossilworks .org
^
a
b
c Takai, 1994
^ Defler, 2004, p.31
^ Tejedor, 2013, p.24
^ Pérez et al., 2013, p.9
^ Silvestro et al., 2017, p.14
^ Takai et al., 2001, p.304
^ Rosenberger & Hartwig, 2001, p.3
^ Lynch Alfaro et al., 2015, p.520
^ Luchterhand et al., 1986, p.1753
^ Wheeler, 2010, p.133
^ Setoguchi et al., 1986, p.762
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