Father Germanos, born Georgios Tsibouktzakis (1966-2001; alt. Tsibouktsakis), was a Greek Orthodox monk-priest[1] and
abbot of
St. George's Monastery, Wadi Qelt who was murdered by a terrorist on 12 June 2001 in a drive-by shooting.
Yassir Arafat had declared a unilateral ceasefire a week before this attack, following the
Dolphinarium discotheque massacre; both the Dolphinarium attack and this shooting were part of the
Second Intifada, which began in 2000.
Tsibouktzakis was born in
Evosmos[1] near
Saloniki, Greece, and after finishing primary school, went to work in a fabric-dying factory.[2] According to his former boss at the dye-works, he became religious, gave all of his possessions away – even his bicycle, and left Salonika to enter a religious order.[2]
Emulating the Wadi Qelt monks of
late antiquity, Georgios offered hospitality to visitors.[5] He improved the stone path used by pilgrims to climb up to the monastery, repaired the aqueducts, and improved the gardens of shade and olive trees.[2] He was 35 years old at the time of his death.[2][6] Tsibouktzakis was an Israeli national.[7]
At the time of his death, Father Germanos was abbot and sole occupant of the monastery, where he was also buried.[8][9][10][11][2][3]
Murder
Tsibouktzakis was killed on the road near
Ma'aleh Adumim while returning from Jerusalem to the desert monastery in a car with Israeli license plates.[5][12][13][14][15] Tsibouktsakis was killed with a single bullet to the neck.[16] The gunmen were seen to flee towards
al-Eizariya and
Abu Dis.[17]
The monk's superior, Archbishop Theopanes, complained that the Arabic press had mistaken his grief over the death for sympathy with Israel.[6][18]
The attack was said by some sources to have been carried out by a member of the
Tanzim militant group.[12][19] Other sources attributed it to
Force 17.[20][21] Both organizations are affiliated with
Yassir Arafat's
Fatah Party.[22][23]
Context
The
New York Times described this attack as "the first" along the "well-traveled stretch of road" connecting East Jerusalem to
Maale Adumim.[24] On the 10th anniversary of the shooting, the Jerusalem Post described it as having been the first drive-by shooting in the area east of Jerusalem.[25]
A preliminary cease fire, in the ongoing
Second Intifada conflict, had already been in place for a week at the time of the shooting; in the wake of the June 1, 2001
Dolphinarium discotheque massacre, Arafat had unilaterally declared a one-sided ceasefire in order to avert what was expected to be a massive Israeli response to the mass-death bombing.[26][27] The one-sided cease fire in response to the Dolphinarium massacre followed a one-sided cease-fire declared by
Ariel Sharon on May 22.[26]
The shooting was noted for taking place "as Mr. Arafat was meeting with" C.I.A. director
George Tenet to discuss yet another ceasefire.[24][28][16] As they met, Palestinian demonstrators marched through the streets of
Ramallah demanding that Arafat not sign the cease fire agreement.[26]
Prior to this murder Palestinian leader
Marwan Barghouti had repeatedly and publicly stated that the cease-fire being negotiated by Tenet as well as the unilateral one-sided Arafat ceasefire would apply only to areas under Palestinian control, asserting that
Fatah would continue to ambush
Israeli settlers until they leave the
Israeli-occupied territories.[20][29] The Israeli court verdict effectively removed Arafat's only political rival.[30]
Accusations and denials of responsibility
Soon after the attack, Israel's
Security Agency alleged that
Marwan Barghouti was behind the murder of Georgios Tsibouktzakis, stating that it had arrested and interrogated two suspects who said that Barghouti helped them obtain their guns and confessed to shooting the Abbot. The 2 were said to be part of
Force 17, a Fatah commando unit. Barghouti denied the allegation, denied knowing the two suspects, and accused "Israeli settlers" of killing Tsibouktzakis.[20][21]
Legal proceedings
In 2003, Ismael Hassin Radeida, a 22-year-old member of an armed faction of
Fatah, was convicted of shooting and killing Fr Germanos. Radeida told the court he had killed the priest in error, having intended to kill Jews driving along the road.[31]
Palestinian leader
Marwan Barghouti was convicted of murder in 2004 for having directed the attack.[32][33][34][35] Barghouti had been a popular candidate to lead the Palestinian Authority; however, the position could not be filled effectively from prison and the Israeli authorities had announced that the conviction as well as four other counts of murder for which he had been convicted, precluded his release, stating "The man was sentenced to five life terms for the murder of Israelis... This is not a political issue, but a purely legal one."[36][37]
Israeli Deputy Internal Security Minister
Gideon Ezra called for all discussions with Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat to cease until there was a halt in the terrorist attacks.[13]
The Palestinian diplomatic mission in
Greece denied that Palestinians shot Fr. Georgios.[41]
The Palestinian Authority Ministry of Information issued an official denial of Palestinian involvement with the shooting, accusing "Israeli settlers" of carrying out the crime.[20]
The Palestinian Authority also issued a statement claiming that the Greek Orthodox Church holds "Israeli settlers" responsible for shooting the Father Georgios.[20]
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^Zvielli, Alexander (13 June 2011). "From our Archives". Jerusalem Post.
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^"Cornering Arafat (ex cathedra editorial)". Jerusalem Post. 14 June 2001.
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^Koopmans, Ofira (12 October 2011). "Marwan Barghouti not to be released, Israeli minister says". McClatchy - Tribune Business News.
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