Genus of gastropods
Morula is a
genus of small, predatory
sea snails ,
marine
gastropod
mollusks in the subfalily
Ergalataxinae of the
family
Muricidae , the murex snails or rock snails.
[1]
Species within the genus Morula include:
Morula aglaos (Houart, 1995)
[2]
Morula albanigra (Houart, 2002)
[3]
Morula ambrosia (Houart, 1995)
[4]
Morula angulata (G.B. Sowerby III, 1894)
[5]
Morula aspera (Lamarck, 1816)
[6]
Morula bicatenata (Reeve, 1846)
[7]
Morula biconica (Blainville, 1832)
[8]
Morula cernohorskyi (Houart & Tröndle, 1997)
[9]
Morula chrysostoma (Deshayes, 1844)
[10]
Morula coronata (H. Adams, 1869)
[11]
Morula dichrous (Tapparone-Canefri, 1880)
[12]
Morula echinata (Reeve, 1846)
[13]
Morula euryspira (Houart, 1995)
[14]
Morula fuscoimbricata (G.B. Sowerby III, 1915)
[15]
Morula iostoma (Reeve, 1846)
Morula japonica (G.B. Sowerby III, 1903)
[16]
Morula lepida (Houart, 1995)
[17]
Morula nodicostata (Pease, 1868)
[18]
Morula oparensis (Melvill, 1912)
Morula peasei (Houart, 2002)
[19]
Morula porphyrostoma (Reeve, 1846)
[20]
Morula praecipua (Rehder, 1980)
[21]
Morula rodgersi (Houart, 2000)
[22]
Morula spinosa (H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853)
[23]
Morula striata (Pease, 1868)
[24]
Morula uva (Röding, 1798)
[25]
Morula variabilis (Pease, 1868)
[26]
Morula whiteheadae (Houart, 2004)
[27]
Morula zebrina (Houart, 2004)
[28]
Species brought into synonymy
Morula (Azumamorula) mutica (Lamarck, 1816) :
[29] synonym of
Azumamorula mutica (Lamarck, 1816)
Morula anaxares (Kiener, 1835) :
[30] synonym of
Muricodrupa anaxares (Kiener, 1836)
Morula cancellata Quoy & Gaimard :
[31] synonym of
Muricodrupa fenestrata (Blainville, 1832)
Morula concatenata (Lamarck, 1822) :
[32] synonym of
Drupella rugosa (Born, 1778)
Morula consanguinea (Smith, 1890) :
[33] synonym of
Claremontiella consanguinea (E. A. Smith, 1890)
Morula elata Blainville :
[34] synonym of
Drupella cornus (Röding, 1798)
Morula fenestrata Blainville, 1832 :
[35] synonym of
Muricodrupa fenestrata (Blainville, 1832)
Morula funiculata (Reeve, 1846) :
[36] synonym of
Oppomorus funiculatus (Reeve, 1846)
Morula granulata (Duclos, 1832) :
[37] synonym of
Tenguella granulata (Duclos, 1832)
Morula margariticola (Broderip) :
[38] synonym of
Ergalatax margariticola (Broderip, in Broderip & Sowerby, 1833)
Morula marginalba (Blainville, 1832) :
[39] synonym of
Tenguella marginalba (Blainville, 1832)
Morula marginatra Blainville, 1832 :
[40] synonym of
Semiricinula marginatra (Blainville, 1832)
Morula musiva (Kiener, 1835) :
[41] synonym of
Tenguella musiva (Kiener, 1835)
Morula nodulifera : synonym of
Oppomorus noduliferus (Menke, 1829)
Morula nodulosa (C.B. Adams, 1845) :
[42] synonym of
Claremontiella nodulosa (C. B. Adams, 1845)
Morula ocellata :
[43] synonym of
Ergalatax contracta (Reeve, 1846)
Morula oparense (Melvill, 1912) :
[44] synonym of
Morula oparensis (Melvill, 1912)
Morula palmeri Powell, 1967 : synonym of
Pascula palmeri (Powell, 1967) (original combination)
Morula parva (Reeve, 1846) :
[45] synonym of
Lauta parva (Reeve, 1846)
Morula purpureocincta (Preston, 1909) :
[46] synonym of
Oppomorus purpureocinctus (Preston, 1909)
Morula rosea (Reeve, 1846) :
[47] synonym of
Muricopsis (Risomurex) roseus (Reeve, 1846)
Morula rumphiusi Houart, 1996 :
[48] synonym of
Murichorda rumphiusi (Houart, 1996)
Morula squamiliratum Smith :
[49] synonym of
Orania serotina (A. Adams, 1853)
Morula squamosa Pease :
[50] synonym of
Semiricinula squamosa (Pease, 1868)
Morula tuberculata Blainville :
[51] synonym of Morula (Morula) granulata (Duclos, 1832)
In 2002, Roland Houart described two new species and revised eight others, for a total 23 species of Morula sensu stricto .
[52]
He had previously (1994–1995) described Habromorula as a separate genus, containing 14 species that were earlier classified with
Spinidrupa sensu lato.
[53] In 2004, he placed
Azumamorula ,
Oppomorus , and Habromorula into Morula as subgenera, and moved the whole group from subfamily
Rapaninae to Ergalataxinae.
[54]
In 2012–2013, Claremont et al . published a study of sequences for four genes across numerous species of Morula and related molluscs.
[55] They found a
clade of 11 species, and proposed a restricted definition of Morula to include: M. aspera , M. benedicta , M. (Habromorula) biconica , M. chrysostoma , M. (H.) coronata , M. (H.) japonica , M. nodicostata , M. (H.) spinosa , M. (H.) striata, M. uva (type species), and M. zebrina.
Habromorula did not form a clade in this analysis, however the authors noted that "monophyly of this morphologically distinctive group is not strongly contradicted, so that further sampling and analysis could yet support Habromorula as a monophyletic subgenus of Morula ".
Subgenus Morula (Oppomorus) formed a separate clade; the authors proposed returning
Oppomorus to genus level, containing O. nodulifera , O. funiculata and O. purpureocincta .
M. ceylonica , M. granulata , M. marginalba , M. musiva , and an undescribed species formed a distinct clade related to Muricodrupa . The authors proposed resurrecting the genus name
Tenguella , for which T. granulata is the type species. They note that these species "have not previously been recognized as a morphologically distinctive group".
"Morula" anaxares was weakly related to Muricodrupa fenestrata , and "Morula" nodulosa was sister to the Tenguella–
Muricodrupa group. "Morula" parva and "Morula" echinata placed in a third major clade, separate from the two that contain Tenguella and the main Morula group, respectively.
In response to the gene-sequence phylogeny, Houart, Zuccon and Puillandre formally described new genera in 2019:
Claremontiella ,
Murichorda , and
Lauta .
[56] C. nodulosa , C. consanguinea , Mur. rumphiusi , and L. parva were previously in Morula . They also moved Morula anaxares to
Muricodrupa anaxares , and reassigned
M. palmeri to
Pascula , the latter on basis of morphology rather than gene sequence.
^
a
b
Morula Schumacher, 1817 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula aglaos (Houart, 1995) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula albanigra Houart, 2002 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula ambrosia (Houart, 1995) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula angulata (G.B. Sowerby III, 1894) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula aspera (Lamarck, 1816) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula bicatenata (Reeve, 1846) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula biconica (Blainville, 1832) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula cernohorskyi Houart & Tröndle, 1997 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula chrysostoma (Deshayes, 1844) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 20 November 2020.
^
Morula coronata (H. Adams, 1869) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula dichrous (Tapparone-Canefri, 1880) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula echinata (Reeve, 1846) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula euryspira Houart, 1995 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula fuscoimbricata (Sowerby, 1915) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula japonica (Sowerby, 1903) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula lepida (Houart, 1995) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula nodicostata (Pease, 1868) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula peasei Houart, 2002 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula porphyrostoma (Reeve, 1846) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula praecipua Rehder, 1980 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula rodgersi Houart, 2000 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula spinosa (H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula striata (Pease, 1868) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula uva (Röding, 1798) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula variabilis (Pease, 1868) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula whiteheadae Houart, 2004 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula zebrina Houart, 2004 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula mutica (Lamarck, 1816) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula anaxares (Kiener, 1835) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula cancellata Quoy & Gaimard . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula concatenata (Lamarck, 1822) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula consanguinea (Smith, 1890) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula elata Blainville . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula fenestrata Blainville . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula funiculata (Reeve, 1846) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula granulata (Duclos, 1832) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula margariticola (Broderip) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula marginalba (Blainville, 1832) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula marginatra Blainville . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula musiva (Kiener, 1835) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula nodulosa (C.B. Adams, 1845) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula ocellata . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula oparense (Melvill, 1912) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula parva (Reeve, 1846) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula purpureocincta (Preston, 1909) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula rosea (Reeve, 1846) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula rumphiusi Houart, 1996 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula sguamiliratum Smith . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula squamosa Pease . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^
Morula tuberculata Blainville . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
^ Houart, Roland (2002).
"Comments on a group of small Morula s.s. species (Gastropoda: Muricidae: Rapaninae) from the Indo-West Pacific with the description of two new species" . Novapex . 3 (4): 97–118.
^ Houart, Roland (1994). "Some notes on the genus Spinidrupa Habe and Kosuge, 1966 (Muricidae: Ergalataxinae), with the description of Habromorula gen. nov. (Muricidae: Rapaninae) and four new species from the Indo-West Pacific". Iberus . 12 : 21–31. BHL:
info
digitised copy of printed article
^ Houart, Roland (2004-11-10).
"Review of the Recent species of Morula (Oppomorus) , M. (Azumamorula) and M. (Habromorula) (Gastropoda: Muricidae: Ergalataxinae)" . Novapex . 5 (4): 91–130.
^ Claremont, Martine; Houart, Roland; Williams, Suzanne T.; Reid, David G. (2013-02-01).
"A molecular phylogenetic framework for the Ergalataxinae (Neogastropoda: Muricidae)" . Journal of Molluscan Studies . 79 (1): 19–29.
doi :
10.1093/mollus/eys028 .
ISSN
0260-1230 .
^ Houart, Roland; Zuccon, Dario; Puillandre, Nicolas (2019-04-09).
"Description of new genera and new species of Ergalataxinae (Gastropoda: Muricidae)" .
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Morula .