| Maweti鈥揋uarani | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Brazil |
| Linguistic classification |
Tupian
|
| Proto-language | Proto-Maweti-Guarani |
| Subdivisions |
|
| Glottolog | mawe1252 (Maweti-Guarani) |
The Maweti鈥揋uarani languages of Brazil form a branch of the Tupian language family according to Meira and Drude (2015). [1] The branch was originally proposed by Rodrigues (1984), [2] and is also accepted by Jolkesky (2016). [3]
Classification
- Maweti鈥揋uarani
- Mawe
- Aweti鈥揋uarani
Proto-language
| Proto-Maweti鈥揋uarani | |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction of | Maweti鈥揋uarani languages |
Reconstructed ancestor | |
| Lower-order reconstructions | |
Reconstruction of Proto-Maweti鈥揋uarani, along with Mawe, Aweti, and Proto- Tupi鈥揋uarani cognates according to Meira and Drude (2015). [1]
| gloss | Proto-Maweti鈥揋uarani | notes (Proto-Maweti鈥揋uarani) | Maweti | Aweti | Proto-Tupi鈥揋uarani |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3SG | *i- | i- | i- | *i- | |
| about | *ete | ete | ete | *ece | |
| agouti | *akuti | akuri | akuzu 蓙j扫t | *akuti | |
| anu bird | *anj农, *ani农 | aj农-n蓙i | aj农 | *an农 | |
| armadillo | *tjajtju | sahu | tatu-pep | *tatu | |
| ashamed | (*t末) | t末 | 鈥 | *t末 | |
| at/in | *pe | pe | pe | *pe | |
| ax | *kw扫 | 扫w扫-hap | k扫 | *j扫 | |
| back | *(蓙)ape | ape | 蓙ape | *ape | |
| be/live | *eko | eko | eko | eko | |
| beans | *kumana | (? 鈥 possible borrowing) | kuman茫 | kumana蓙末 | *kumana |
| big | *wat(o/u) | wato | watu | wa膷u | |
| bitter | *r玫p | nop | lop | *rop | |
| black | *kwuun | huun | 鈥 | *un | |
| blood | *tjuw扫(k) | suu | uw扫k | *(r)uw扫 | |
| blow | *pekwu | pehu | petu | *peju | |
| bone | *ka艐 | ka艐 | ka艐 | *ka艐 | |
| branch | *tjak茫 | j茫艐茫 | ak茫 | *(r)ak茫 | |
| burn | *ap扫 | ap扫 | ap扫 | *ap扫 | |
| buriti (palm) | (*m(u/i)riti) | (? 鈥 possible borrowing, TG > Mawe) | miriti | 鈥 | *muriti |
| chest | *poti蓙a | poti蓙a | poz扫蓙a | *poti蓙a | |
| chief | (*morekwat) | (? possible borrowing) | morekwat | morekwat | 鈥 |
| call | *en玫j | h-enoj | ej玫j | *en玫j | |
| cloud | *(扫w扫)tji艐 | 扫w扫-hi艐 | 扫w扫-ti艐 | 扫脽a-ti艐 | |
| COM.CAUS (= comitative causative) | *er(o/e)- | er-, ere- | zo- | ero | |
| come | *ut | (u)ut | ut | *ut | |
| cooked | *kw扫p | w扫p | o-k扫p | *j扫p | |
| corn | *a脽ati | (? 鈥 probable borrowing) | awati | awati | *a脽ati |
| curassow | *m扫ti农(艐), *m扫tj农(艐) | m扫j农 | m扫tu艐 | m扫t农 | |
| deer | *(扫)t扫扫 | 鈥 | t扫-wapat, 扫t扫扫 | ||
| die (pl.) | *pap | pap | pap | *pap | |
| do | *rj(u/o)艐, *nj(u/o)艐 | nu艐 | ju艐 | *ru艐 ~ *ro艐 ~ *no艐 (Rodrigues & Dietrich 1997), *no艐 (Mello 2000) | |
| door | *oken | oken-扫p扫 | oten | *oken | |
| earth | (*蓙扫j) | 蓙扫j | 鈥 | *蓙扫j | |
| eat | *蓙u | u蓙u | 蓙u | *蓙u | |
| egg | *upi蓙a | upi蓙a | n-upi蓙a | *upi蓙a | |
| enter | *ejke | we-eke | ece | *(e)jkje | |
| exit | *tem | w岷结航-tem | tem | *膷em | |
| eye | *et-tja | (e)ha | (e)ta | e膷a (Rodrigues and Dietrich 1997), eca (Mello 2000) | |
| face | *(e/o)脽a | (e)wa | owa | *o脽a | |
| fall | *蓙at | a蓙at | 蓙at | *蓙at | |
| father | *tjup | sup | up | *(r)up | |
| feed | *poj | poj | poj | *poj | |
| fetid | *riem, *rjem; (*rem) | nem | jem | *nem ~ *rem | |
| field | *ko | ko | ko | *ko | |
| finger (nail) | *p(u蓙)u(j)茫 | pu蓙uj茫 | pu茫 | *pw茫 | |
| fire | *atia, *atja | arja | aza | *ata | |
| flat | *peep | peep | 扫w扫-pep | *pep | |
| flea | *tiu艐, *tju艐 | ju艐 | tu艐 | *tu艐 | |
| flower | *pojtj扫扫t | i-poh扫扫t | 蓙a-pot扫t | *pot扫t | |
| foot | *p扫 | p扫 | p扫 | *p扫 | |
| fruit | *蓙a | 蓙a | 蓙a | *蓙a | |
| grandfather | *am(玫/农)(j) | h-am农 | am农j | *am玫j | |
| go | *to | to | to | *co | |
| good | *kajtju | kahu | katu | *katu | |
| hair | *tjap | sap | ap | *(r)ap | |
| hammock | *(蓙)(i/扫)n末 | 蓙扫ni | 蓙in末 | *in末 | |
| hand | *po | po | po | *po | |
| head hair | *蓙atjap | (from *蓙a 鈥榟ead鈥 + *tjap 鈥榟air鈥) | asap | 蓙ap | *蓙ap |
| heavy | *pot扫j | pot扫j | pot扫j | *poc扫j | |
| hot | *tjakup | sakup | akup | *(r)akup | |
| house | *(tj)ok | sok | ok | *(r)ok | |
| hunger | *tj扫扫蓙a(t) | s扫扫蓙at | t扫蓙a-脽ot | ||
| kill | (*kwuka) | 蓙a-uka | *juka | ||
| leaf | *tjop | 扫-hop | op | *(r)op | |
| lick | *eereep | eereep | ezep | *erep | |
| lip | *tj岷絧e | j岷絧e | 岷絧e | *(r)eme | |
| louse | *艐扫p | 艐扫p | 蓙ak扫p (from earlier *蓙a 鈥榟ead鈥 + *k扫p 鈥榣ouse鈥) | *k扫p | |
| manioc | *mani | mani | mani蓙ok | *mani蓙ok (cf. Aweti, Tupi-Guarani 蓙ok 鈥榯uber鈥) | |
| man's daughter | *tjakwi蓙扫t | saki蓙扫t | ati蓙扫t | *(r)aj扫t | |
| man's sister | *(i/e)n扫t | in扫t | j末t | *en扫t | |
| man's older brother | *(蓙)扫ke蓙扫t | 蓙扫ke蓙et | 扫ti蓙扫t | *蓙扫ke蓙扫t | |
| many | *(e)tia, *(e)tja | =-rja | =-za | *eta | |
| medicine | *pot-tja艐 | poha艐 | pota艐 | *poca艐 | |
| moon | *kwaat扫 | waat扫 | tat扫 | *ja膷扫 | |
| mortar | *(w岷)ku蓙a | w岷絢u蓙a | 蓙岷絢u蓙a | *扫艐u蓙a | |
| mosquito | *kwati蓙农 | wati蓙农 | taz扫蓙农 | *jati蓙农 | |
| mother | *t扫 | t扫 | t扫 | *膷扫 | |
| neck | *kwut | hut-蓙扫p [hu蓙删扫p] | tur-蓙扫p [tu蓙删扫p] | *jut | |
| name | *tjet | set | et | *(r)et | |
| navel | *p扫rup蓙茫 | p扫rum蓙a | pilup | p扫ru蓙茫 (Rodrigues; Dietrich, 1997), p扫ru茫 (Mello, 2000) | |
| O.NZ (= object nominalizer) | *mi- | mi- | mi- | *mipa | |
| in | *tjat扫 | sat扫 | at扫 | *(r)a膷扫 | |
| pass | *kotjap | kosap | kwap | *kwap | |
| place | *etiam, *etjam | ejam | tam, etam | *etam | |
| pull | *ek扫j | ek扫j | ek扫j | *ek扫j | |
| rain | *ama(a)n | i蓙-ama(a)n | aman | *aman | |
| red | *kwup | hup | tup | *jup | |
| red | (*p扫ra艐) | 鈥 | p扫la艐 | p扫ra艐 (perhaps reconstructible only to Proto-Aweti-Guarani) | |
| RFL (= reflexive) | *kwe- | we- | te- | *je | |
| root | *tjapo | sapo | apo | *(r)apo | |
| saliva | (*tj岷絫扫) | j岷絫扫-h扫 | 鈥 | *(r)en扫 | |
| salt | *kwuk扫t | uk扫t | tuk扫t | *juk扫t | |
| search | *(i/e)kaat | (i)kaat | (j)kat | *ekat | |
| see/hear | *岷絫up | wan-岷絫up | (岷)tup | *enup | |
| seed | *tja蓙末j | ja蓙末j | a蓙末j | *(r)a蓙末j | |
| seize | *p扫t扫k | p扫t扫k | p扫t扫k | *p扫t扫k | |
| seize | *(j)aat | aat | 鈥 | *(j)at | |
| shoot | (*(蓙)扫脽玫) | 鈥 | 蓙扫w玫 | 扫脽玫 | |
| shoulder | *tj(a/茫)ti蓙扫p(i) | j茫ti蓙扫p扫 | az扫蓙扫p | *(r)at扫蓙扫p | |
| skin/body | *piit | piit | pit | *pit | |
| slap | (*petek) | petek | 鈥 | petek | |
| sleep | *ket | ket | tet | *kjet | |
| smoke | *tji艐 | 扫-hi艐 (probably *蓙扫p 鈥榯ree, wood鈥 + *tji艐) | ti艐 | *ti艐 | |
| snake | *m玫j | moj | m玫j | *moj | |
| squirrel | (*kutiere, *kutjere) | kutiere | kuceze-蓙j扫t | 鈥 | |
| sweet | *i-tje蓙岷 | he蓙岷 | te蓙岷 | *膷e蓙岷 (apparently a lexicalized third-person form) | |
| swim | *扫jtja(p) | 扫ha | 扫ta-tap | *扫tap | |
| termite | *艐upi | 艐upi-蓙a | kupi-蓙a, kupi-蓙末 | kupi-蓙i | |
| tail | *tjuwaj | suwaj-po | uwaj | *(r)uwaj | |
| thick | *anam | i蓙-anam | 蓙ajam | *anam | |
| thigh | *蓙up | 蓙up | 蓙up | *蓙up | |
| tooth | *tj茫j | j茫j | 茫j | *(r)茫j | |
| tortoise | *kwa脽oti | wawori | tawoz扫 | *ja脽oti | |
| toucan | *tiukan, *tjukan | j农kan | tukan | *tukan | |
| tra铆ra (fish) | (*tara蓙扫ra) | (? 鈥 possible borrowing, TG > Mawe) | tara蓙扫ra | 鈥 | tara蓙扫r-a |
| two | (*mok玫j) | 鈥 | mok玫j | *mok玫j | |
| village | (*taa脽a) | (? 鈥 possible borrowing, TG > Mawe) | taawa | 鈥 | *ta脽a |
| vulture | *uru脽u | uruwu | uzuwu | *uru脽u | |
| wasp | *艐ap | 艐ap | kap | *kap | |
| water | *蓙扫 | 扫蓙扫 | 蓙扫 | *蓙扫 | |
| wind | *扫脽扫t(u) | (? 鈥 possible borrowing, TG > Mawe) | 扫w扫tu | 扫w扫t | *扫脽扫tu |
| woman's son | *m岷絧扫t | m岷絧扫t | m岷絧扫t | *mem扫t |
For a list of Proto-Maweti-Guarani reconstructions by Corr锚a-da-Silva (2013), [4] see the corresponding Portuguese article.
References
Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at
Appendix:Proto-Maweti-Guarani reconstructions
- ^ a b Meira, S茅rgio and Sebastian Drude (2015). "A preliminary reconstruction of proto-Maweti-Guarani segmental phonology". Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, s茅rie Ci锚ncias Humanas, 10(2):275-296. doi: 10.1590/1981-81222015000200005
- ^ Rodrigues, Aryon D. Rela莽玫es internas na fam铆lia ling眉铆stica Tup铆-Guaran铆. Revista de Antropologia, S茫o Paulo, v. 27/28, p. 33-53, 1984/85.
- ^ Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho De Valhery. 2016. Estudo arqueo-ecolingu铆stico das terras tropicais sul-americanas. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Bras铆lia.
- ^ Corr锚a-da-Silva, Beatriz Carretta (2013). O mundo a partir do l茅xico: Reconstruindo a realidade social Maw茅-Awet铆-Tup铆-Guaran铆. Revista Brasileira De Lingu铆stica Antropol贸gica, 5(2), 385-400. https://doi.org/10.26512/rbla.v5i2.16271
- Mello, A. A. S. Estudo hist贸rico da fam铆lia ling眉铆stica Tupi-Guarani: aspectos fonol贸gicos e lexicais. Ph.D. dissertation, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florian贸polis, 2000.
- Rodrigues, A. D.; Dietrich, W. On the linguistic relationship between Mawe and Tupi-Guarani. Diachronica, v. 14, n. 2, p. 265-304, 1997.