The Maeatae were a confederation of tribes that probably lived beyond the
Antonine Wall in
Roman Britain.
The historical sources are vague as to the exact region they inhabited, but an association is thought to be indicated in the names of two hills with fortifications.[1] Near the summit of
Dumyat hill in the
Ochils, overlooking
Stirling, there are remains of a fort[2] and the name of the hill (in Gaelic Dùn Mhèad) is believed to derive from name meaning the hill of the Maeatae.[3] The prominent
hill fort may have marked their northern boundary, but
Myot Hill,[4] near
Fankerton, plausibly marks their southern limits. A discussion of two views of the importance of Dumyat and Myot Hill is given in Wainwright.[5]
Cassius Dio describes them in detail in his Roman History (Book LXXVII),[6] and is later quoted by
Joseph Ritson and others.[7]John Rhys seems convinced that they occupied the land between the
Firth of Forth and the
Firth of Tay or parts of what is now
Clackmannanshire,
Fife and
Stirlingshire.[8] He also suggests that the
Isle of May might derive its name from the tribe. Dio mentions the Maeatae were between the wall and the Caledonians but there is some dispute over whether he is referring to Antonine's Wall[9] or
Hadrian's Wall.[10]Alexander del Mar says no-one really knows the identity of the Maeatae but he mentions that some authorities think they may have had a Norse origin.[11]
They appear to have come together as a result of treaties struck between the
Roman Empire and the various frontier tribes in the 180s AD under the governorship of
Ulpius Marcellus.
Virius Lupus is recorded as being obliged to buy peace from the Maeatae at the end of the second century.[12]
In 210 AD, they began a serious revolt against the Roman Empire, which was reportedly a very bloody affair on both sides.[13] Another revolt took place the following year.[14] In 213 AD, Joseph Ritson records them receiving money from the Romans to keep the peace.[15]
The Miathi, mentioned in
Adomnán's Life of Columba, probably to be identified with the Southern
Picts, have been posited as the same group, their identity seemingly surviving in some form as late as the 6th or 7th centuries AD.[16]
^Birley, Robin (October 1963). "The Roman Legionary Fortress at Carpow, Perthshire". Scottish Historical Review (subscription required). 42 (134): 131.
JSTOR25528524.