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Prehistoric archaeological culture of the Indian subcontinent
The Madrasian culture is a prehistoric
archaeological culture of the
Indian subcontinent , dated to the
Lower Paleolithic , the earliest subdivision of the
Stone Age .
[1]
[2] It belongs to the
Acheulian industry , and some scholars consider the distinction between the Madrasian and the broader, regional Acheulian tradition defunct.
[3]
[4]
Discovery
The Madrasian was named for its
type site of
Attirampakkam (then part of the
Madras Presidency , near
Chennai ), discovered by British archaeologist and geologist
Robert Bruce Foote in 1863.
[2]
[3] The oldest tools at Attirampakkam are dating back to 1.5 million years, found by using
cosmic-ray exposure dating .
[5]
Tools
The Madrasian is characterized by
bifacial handaxes and
cleavers
[6] but includes
flake tools ,
microliths and other chopping tools. Most were made from
quartzite , unlike Hint, which is used in Europe.
[7]
[8] Hand-axes have a pear shape or oval shape, flaking on both faces.
[7]
See also
References
^ Armand, J (1985).
"The Emergence of the Handaxe Tradition in Asia, with special reference to India" . In V. N. Misra, Peter S. Bellwood (ed.). Recent advances in Indo-Pacific prehistory: proceedings of the international symposium held at Poona, December 19-21, 1978 . BRILL. pp. 3–.
ISBN
978-90-04-07512-2 . Retrieved August 24, 2011 .
^
a
b Avari, Burjor (5 June 2007).
India, the Ancient Past: a history of the Indian sub-continent from c. 7000 BC to AD 1200 . Routledge. pp. 25–.
ISBN
978-0-415-35616-9 . Retrieved 16 October 2011 .
^
a
b Kenneth Oakley (30 April 2007).
"Paleolithic Cultures in Asia" . Frameworks for Dating Fossil Man . Transaction Publishers. pp. 229–.
ISBN
978-0-202-30960-6 . Retrieved 24 August 2011 .
^ Upinder Singh (1 September 2008).
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century . Pearson Education India. pp. 73–.
ISBN
978-81-317-1120-0 . Retrieved 24 August 2011 .
^ Pappu, Shanti; Gunnell, Yanni; Akhilesh, Kumar; Braucher, Régis; Taieb, Maurice; Demory, François; Thouveny, Nicolas (2011-03-25). "Early Pleistocene Presence of Acheulian Hominins in South India". Science . 331 (6024): 1596–1599.
Bibcode :
2011Sci...331.1596P .
doi :
10.1126/science.1200183 .
ISSN
0036-8075 .
PMID
21436450 .
S2CID
206531024 .
^ Reddy (1 December 2006).
Indian Hist (Opt) . Tata McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 1–.
ISBN
978-0-07-063577-7 . Retrieved 16 October 2011 .
^
a
b
"Paleolithic Period in India: The Soan and Madras Culture" . Your Article Library . 2014-06-20. Retrieved 2024-05-20 .
^ Sen, Sailendra Nath (1 January 1999).
Ancient Indian History and Civilization . New Age International. pp. 23–.
ISBN
978-81-224-1198-0 . Retrieved 16 October 2011 .