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French physicist
Louis Eugène Félix Néel
ForMemRS (22 November 1904 – 17 November 2000) was a French
physicist born in
Lyon
[5] who received the
Nobel Prize for
Physics in 1970 for his studies of the magnetic properties of
solids .
[1]
Biography
Néel studied at the
Lycée du Parc in
Lyon and was accepted at the
École Normale Supérieure in
Paris . He obtained the degree of Doctor of Science at the
University of Strasbourg . He was corecipient (with the
Swedish
astrophysicist
Hannes Alfvén ) of the
Nobel Prize for
Physics in 1970 for his pioneering studies of the magnetic properties of
solids .
[6] His contributions to
solid state physics have found numerous useful applications, particularly in the development of improved
computer memory units. About 1930 he suggested that a new form of magnetic behavior might exist; called
antiferromagnetism , as opposed to
ferromagnetism .
[7] Above a certain temperature (the
Néel temperature ) this behaviour stops. Néel pointed out (1948)
[8] that materials could also exist showing
ferrimagnetism . Néel has also given an explanation of the weak magnetism of certain rocks, making possible the study of the history of
Earth's magnetic field .
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
He is the instigator of the
Polygone Scientifique in
Grenoble .[
citation needed ]
The
Louis Néel Medal , awarded annually by the
European Geophysical Society , is named in Néel's honour.[
citation needed ]
Néel died at
Brive-la-Gaillarde on 17 November 2000 at the age 95, just 5 days short of his 96th birthday.[
citation needed ]
Awards and honours
Néel received numerous awards and honours for his work including:
Awards
Distinctions
Owing to his involvement in national defense, particularly through research in the protection of warships by demagnetization against magnetic mines, he received numerous distinctions:
See also
References
^
a
b
c Friedel, J.; Averbuch, P. (1 December 2003).
"Louis Eugène Félix Néel. 22 November 1904 – 17 November 2000" . Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society . 49 : 367–384.
doi :
10.1098/rsbm.2003.0021 .
S2CID
74311735 .
^
"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1970" . The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 20 June 2012 .
^
"Louis Néel" .
^ At the time, the ENS was part of the University of Paris according to the decree of 10 November 1903.
^
"Louis-Eugène-Félix Néel | French physicist | Britannica" .
^ Néel, L. (3 December 1971).
"Magnetism and Local Molecular Field" (PDF) . Science . 174 (4013): 985–992.
Bibcode :
1971Sci...174..985N .
doi :
10.1126/science.174.4013.985 .
PMID
17757022 .
S2CID
27784885 .
^ Aharoni, Amikam (2000). Introduction to the Theory of Ferromagnetism . Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 21.
ISBN
978-0-19-850809-0 .
^ Néel, Louis (1948). "Magnetic Properties of Ferrites: Ferrimagnetism and Antiferromagnetism". Ann. Phys. (Paris) . 3 : 137–198.
^ Néel, Louis (1 April 1955).
"Some theoretical aspects of rock-magnetism" (PDF) . Advances in Physics . 4 (14): 191–243.
Bibcode :
1955AdPhy...4..191N .
doi :
10.1080/00018735500101204 .
^ Barbara, B.; Lacroix, Claudine (2000). "Retrospective in Science: Louis Neel (1904–2000)". Science . 291 (5506): 1000.
doi :
10.1126/science.1059052 .
PMID
11232560 .
S2CID
161752562 .
^ Coey, Michael (2001).
"Obituary: Louis Néel (1904–2000)" . Nature . 409 (6818): 302.
Bibcode :
2001Natur.409..302C .
doi :
10.1038/35053274 .
S2CID
36961096 .
^ Coey, J. M. D. (2003).
"Louis Néel: Retrospective (invited)" . Journal of Applied Physics . 93 (10): 8224–8229.
Bibcode :
2003JAP....93.8224C .
doi :
10.1063/1.1557815 .
^ Dunlop, David J. (2003). "Partial thermoremanent magnetization: Louis Néel's legacy in rock magnetism (invited)". Journal of Applied Physics . 93 (10): 8236–8240.
Bibcode :
2003JAP....93.8236D .
doi :
10.1063/1.1558640 .
^
"Louis Néel – Biography" . Nobel Lectures, Physics 1963–1970 . Elsevier Publishing Company.
^ Néel, Louis (1991). Un siècle de physique . Paris: Jacob.
ISBN
978-2-7381-0140-2 .
^
"Louis Néel, un siècle de science à Grenoble" . 2004. Archived from
the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 27 October 2011 .
^ Kurti, Nicholas, ed. (1988). Selected works of Louis Néel . New York: Gordon and Breach.
ISBN
978-2-88124-300-4 .
^
"Holweck medal recipients" . Institute of Physics. Retrieved 14 January 2020 .
^
"Louis Eugène Felix Néel (1904 - 2000)" . Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from
the original on 5 July 2020.
^
"About Us" .
World Cultural Council . Retrieved 8 November 2016 .
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Louis Néel .
Louis Néel on Nobelprize.org
including the Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1970 Magnetism and the Local Molecular Field
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